Part 1 Flashcards
States that cells come from preexisting cells.
Cell Theory
Reproductive cells that contain half the normal chromosome complement.
Gametes
Gamete from females.
Ovum
Gamete from males.
Sperm
A fusion of gametes.
Zygote
The conceptus during the embryonic period.
Embryo
A pregnant woman’s developing offspring.
Conceptus
The conceptus during the fetal period.
Fetus
From fertilization through week 8.
Embryonic Period
From week nine through birth.
Fetal Period
The prenatal periods of development that occur over a nine month period.
Gestation
Period where the embryo develops cell layers that are precursors to organ systems.
First Trimester
Period characterized by growth in length, mass gain, and the appearance of functional organ systems.
Second Trimester
Period where the fetal increases in length and and mass continue to occur, and all organ systems either become functional or are prepared to become functional at birth.
Third Trimester
The general term for all the processes involved in the specialization of cells in the developing conceptus and the migration of those cells to produce anatomical structures and function.
Morphogenesis
All body cells except reproductive cells.
Somatic Cells
Process by which somatic cells divide.
Mitosis
Cell that has 46 chromosomes. Result of mitosis.
Diploid
Reproductive cells.
Germinal Cells
Process by which germinal cells divide. A sequence of two divisions of a diploid germinal cell.
Meiosis
Cell that has only one chromosome of each homologues pair. Result of meiosis II.
Haploid
The smaller of the two cells produced during meiosis I.
Polar Body
The process of the sperm and ovum joining their haploid nuclei to produce a diploid zygote, the genetically unique cell that develops into an individual.
Fertilization
The process that the ovary release an egg which begins moving along the uterine tube.
Ovulation
Encapsulates the ovulated egg.
Corona Radiata
A glassy layer of glycoprotein-rich network of filaments in an ovulated egg.
Zona pellucida
Each set of nuclear material.
Pronucleus
Consists of repeated miotic divisions of the zygote, resulting in a rapid increase in the number of cells.
Cleavage
The embryonic cells. Begin to form about 36 hours after fertilization.
Blastomere
A solid of nearly identical blastomeres.
Morula
The inner cell mass of the morula that gives rise to the embryo.
Embryoblast
The conceptus when blastomeres begin differentiating.
Blastocyst
A hollow ball of cells with an internal cavity; appears shortly after the morula enters the uterus.
Blastocyst Cavity
Cells on the outside of the blastomere which will burrow into the uterine lining and eventually form embryonic part of the placenta.
Trophoblast
An outer mass of cells in an implanted embryo
Syncytiotrophoblast
An inner layer of cells in an implanted embryo.
Cytotrophoblast
Begins on day six or seven, when the blastocyst touches the endometrium of the uterus.
Implantation
