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THEORIES OS PERSONALITY > part 1 > Flashcards

part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Freud’s psychoanalysis rests on which two cornerstones?
a. sex and aggression
b. sex and hunger
c. security and safety
d. security and sex

A

A. Sex and aggression

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2
Q

Freud’s free association technique evolved from
a. Charcot’s hypnotic technique.
b. his use of cocaine.
c. Breuer’s cathartic method.
d. the periodicity theory of Wilhelm Fliess.

A

C. Breuer’s cathartic method

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3
Q

Freud abandoned his _______ theory in 1897, the year after his father died.
a. seduction
b. Oedipal
c. dream
d. childhood sexuality
e. anal

A

A. Seduction

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4
Q

Among Freud’s personal qualities were
a. a lifelong acceptance and loyalty to those followers who broke away from
psychoanalysis.
b. an inability to learn languages other than German.
c. an unromantic and dispassionate disposition, especially toward his close friends.
d. an intellectual curiosity and high moral courage.

A

D. An intellectual curiosity and high moral courage

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5
Q

The event that eventually led to Freud’s achievement of fame was his
a. partnership with Jung.
b. use of cocaine.
c. insistence on the existence of male hysteria.
d. marriage to Martha Bernays.
e. publication of The Interpretation of Dreams.

A

E. Publication of the Interpretation of Dreams

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6
Q

According to Freud, most of our mental life is
a. conscious.
b. preconscious.
c. unconscious.
d. a function of the superego.
e. a product of phylogenetic endowment.

A

C. Unconscious

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7
Q

Freud claimed that an important function of repression is to
a. protect a person against the pain of anxiety.
b. convert superego functions into ego functions.
c. protect a person against public disgrace.
d. convert id functions into ego functions.
e. convert ego functions into id functions.

A

A. Protect a person against the pain of anxiety

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8
Q

Which of these progressions is most consistent with psychoanalytic theory?
a. Anxiety leads to repression, which leads to suppression of sexual feelings,
which leads to a reaction formation.
b. Punishment of a child’s sexual behavior leads to repression, which leads to anxiety, which leads to suppression of sexual activity.
c. Punishment of a child’s sexual behavior leads to suppression of sexual behavior, which leads to anxiety, which leads to repression.
d. Anxiety leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which leads to repression, which leads to punishment of sexual behaviors.

A

C. Punishment of a child’s sexual behavior leads to suppression of sexual behavior, which leads to anxiety, which leads to repression.

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9
Q

Freud’s notion of phylogenetic endowment refers to
a. anatomical differences between the sexes that lead to psychological differences.
b. the physical structure of the brain where the unconscious is located.
c. our ancestor’s experiences that we inherit and that form part of our unconscious.
d. the social rules we learn from our parents that form the superego.

A

C. our ancestor’s experiences that we inherit and that form part of our unconscious.

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10
Q

Freud claimed that pleasure-seeking people with no thought of what is reasonable or proper are dominated by the
a. id.
b. ego.
c. superego.
d. ego-ideal.

A

A. Id

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11
Q

According to Freud, the ego is
a. conscious only.
b. preconscious only.
c. unconscious only.
d. conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
e. conscious and preconscious only.

A

E. conscious and preconscious only.

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12
Q

Freud believed that the ego begins to evolve from the id soon after birth. While the ego is developing, the id
a. begins to diminish.
b. develops parallel to the ego.
c. disappears completely.
d. remains stationary.

A

D. Remains stationary

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13
Q

Freud believed that the superego develops from the
a. id.
b. ego.
c. ego-ideal.
d. conscience.
e. preconscious.

A

B. Ego

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14
Q

According to Freud, feelings of inferiority stem from the
a. id.
b. ego.
c. superego.
d. conscience.
e. ego-ideal.

A

E. Ego-ideal

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15
Q

According to Freud, a guilt-ridden, timid person is most likely dominated by
a. the superego.
b. the ego.
c. the id.
d. the Oedipus complex.
e. phylogenetic endowment.

A

A. Superego

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16
Q

Freud contended that the object of the sexual instinct is
a. the region of the body in a state of tension.
b. the person or thing that is capable of bringing about sexual pleasure.
c. the amount of force that sexual pleasure exerts on a person.
d. to seek pleasure by removing a state of sexual tension.
e. to seek pleasure by building up a state of sexual tension.

A

B. the person or thing that is capable of bringing about sexual pleasure.

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17
Q

Freud called areas of the body especially capable of producing sexual pleasure
a. aim-impetus areas.
b. instinct zones.
c. genital organs.
d. pleasure-principle areas.
e. erogenous zones.

A

E. Erogenous zone

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18
Q

According to Freud, a teenager preoccupied with self and personal appearance is exhibiting
a. primary narcissism.
b. secondary narcissism.
c. aim-inhibited love.
d. moral masochism.

A

B. Secondary narcissism

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19
Q

The apprehension one feels while in the presence of a teacher is what Freud called _______ anxiety.
a. neurotic
b. psychotic
c. realistic
d. moral
e. None of these is correct

A

A. Neurotic

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20
Q

Robin protects herself against the threat of change by constantly clinging to objects and behaviors left from her early childhood. It thus appears that Robin is relying primarily on which Freudian defense mechanism?
a. reaction formation
b. fixation
c. projection
d. regression
e. sublimation

A

B. Fixation

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21
Q

A man goes into a gay bar and initiates a fight with a homosexual man as a result of his own unconscious homosexual impulses. This is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism?
a. sublimation
b. introjection
c. fixation
d. projection

A

D. Projection

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22
Q

The classical Freudian anal character possesses all of the following traits EXCEPT for?
a. orderliness
b. passivity
c. obstinacy
d. stinginess

A

B. Passivity

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23
Q

According to Freud, a boy who feels strong hostility toward his father and sexual love for his mother is experiencing
a. moral masochism.
b. the simple male Oedipus complex.
c. the complete Oedipus complex.
d. the castration complex.
e. penis envy.

A

B. The simple male Oedipus complex

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24
Q

According to Freud, normally, in post-Oedipal identification with his father, a boy
a. accepts homosexual feelings toward his father.
b. rejects the hated and feared father.
c. wants to be his father.
d. identifies with his father’s morals and ideals.

A

D. identifies with his father’s morals and ideals.

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25
Q

Which of the following assumptions is NOT part of Adler’s theory?
a. All human motivations for behavior are unconscious in origin.
b. The dynamic force behind a person’s activity is the striving for superiority or success.
c. All psychological phenomena are unified within the individual in a self-consistent manner.
d. The opinions of people shape their behavior and personality.

A

A. All human motivations for behavior are unconscious in origin.

26
Q

Adler believed that the dynamic force motivating all human activity is
a. organ dialect.
b. a feeling of superiority.
c. the striving for success.
d. inferior physical endowment.

A

C. the striving for success.

27
Q

Adler believed that people strive for superiority
a. in order to compensate for feelings of inferiority.
b. in order to survive in a competitive society.
c. as a means of attaining sexual satisfaction.
d. in imitation of parents and other authority figures.

A

A. in order to compensate for feelings of inferiority.

28
Q

According to Adler, the behavior of psychologically healthy individuals is
a. unmotivated by any particular kinds of feelings.
b. motivated mostly by conscious goals and drives.
c. motivated mostly by unconscious goals and drives.
d. motivated by exaggerated feelings of inferiority.

A

B. motivated mostly by conscious goals and drives.

29
Q

According to Adler, children who feel pampered
a. are generally conscious of their final goal.
b. typically become loving parents.
c. are usually neglected by their parents.
d. are frequently unaware of their final goal.

A

C. are usually neglected by their parents.

30
Q

Adler believed that behavior and personality are shaped by
a. early childhood experiences.
b. organ inferiorities.
c. subjective perceptions.
d. sexual and aggressive impulses.
e. birth order.

A

C. Subjective perceptions

31
Q

Adler said that all humans are “blessed” at birth with
a. a well-developed sense of social interest.
b. small, weak, incomplete, inferior bodies.
c. superior intellects.
d. the need to become superior to other people.

A

B. small, weak, incomplete, inferior bodies.

32
Q

According to Adler, the goal toward which a psychologically healthy person strives is
a. fictional, with no objective existence.
b. the creation of one’s conscious thought.
c. largely conscious or known to that person.
d. shaped mostly by the person’s birth order.
e. All of these are correct.

A

A. fictional, with no objective existence.

33
Q

Teleology
a. is the doctrine that motivation must be considered according to its final
purpose or aim.
b. considers behavior as springing from a specific cause.
c. is more accurately associated with Freud than with Adler.
d. is the study of telescopes.

A

A. is the doctrine that motivation must be considered according to its final
purpose or aim.

34
Q

According to Adler, ______ is the “barometer of normality.”
a. social interest
b. creative power
c. subjectivity of perception
d. fictional finalism

A

A. Social interest

35
Q

Adler believed that creative power
a. shapes an individual’s style of life.
b. guides the method of striving toward the final goal.
c. implies individual freedom.
d. None of the above is correct.
e. All of these are correct.

A

E. All of these are correct

36
Q

Adler held that exaggerated physical deficiencies
a. directly cause abnormal psychological development.
b. are the eventual results of abnormal psychological development.
c. trigger inferiority feelings leading to abnormal development.
d. are unrelated to abnormal psychological development.

A

C. trigger inferiority feelings leading to abnormal development.

37
Q

According to Adler, two commonly used safeguarding tendencies are excuses and aggression. A third is
a. regression.
b. fixation.
c. social interest.
d. withdrawal.
e. early recollections.

A

D. Withdrawal

38
Q

The most important factor for the child in Adler’s family constellation is
a. rank order of siblings.
b. gender of siblings.
c. spacing of siblings.
d. number of siblings.
e. subjective perception of self and environment.

A

E. subjective perception of self and environment.

39
Q

Adler’s concept of standing still is similar to Freud’s concept of
a. fixation.
b. repression.
c. regression.
d. sublimation.
e. projection.

A

A. Fixation

40
Q

Firstborn children, according to Adler, are likely to
a. suffer from organ inferiorities.
b. communicate in organ dialect more than second born children do.
c. have intensified feelings of power and superiority.
d. have very little anxiety.

A

C. have intensified feelings of power and superiority.

41
Q

Adler believed that the typical second born child
a. develops moderate competitiveness.
b. becomes extremely competitive.
c. becomes easily discouraged.
d. is fearful of authority.

A

A. develops moderate competitiveness.

42
Q

Adler believed that early recollections
a. have no objective validity.
b. are inconsistent with present style of life.
c. are psychologically meaningless.
d. yield clues to understanding style of life.

A

D. yield clues to understanding style of life.

43
Q

Which of the following statements best expresses Adler’s concept of humanity?
a. The environment basically determines personality.
b. People are by nature good.
c. Early childhood experiences are the single most important factor in shaping personality.
d. People’s interpretations of experiences are more important than the experiences themselves.

A

D. People’s interpretations of experiences are more important than the experiences themselves.

44
Q

Although Adler’s theory is optimistic, it can be criticized for its
a. inability to be falsified.
b. inconsistency.
c. parsimony.
d. inability to generate research.
e. inability to organize knowledge.

A

A. inability to be falsified.

45
Q

Carl Jung believed that people are influenced by
a. repressed experiences.
b. experiences inherited from their ancestors.
c. conscious sexual and aggressive urges.
d. All of these are correct.

A

D. All of these are correct

46
Q

Jung’s notion of the collective unconscious refers to
a. repressed childhood experiences.
b. repressed experiences from adolescence.
c. ideas inherited from our ancestors.
d. people’s tendency to react to biologically inherited response patterns.

A

C. ideas inherited from our ancestors.

47
Q

Jung called the contents of the collective unconscious
a. extraverted images.
b. introverted affect.
c. word associations.
d. archetypes.
e. complexes.

A

D. Archetypes

48
Q

Freud’s concept of phylogenetic endowment is similar to Jung’s idea of
a. the ego.
b. the self.
c. the personal unconscious.
d. archetypes.
e. the collective unconscious.

A

E. the collective unconscious.

49
Q

According to Jung, the archetype that manifests itself as one’s social role is the
a. persona.
b. individual.
c. shadow.
d. self.

A

A. Persona

50
Q

Jung believed that psychologically healthy people would
a. recognize their persona but not confuse it with the self.
b. have no persona.
c. use their persona as a shield against self-realization.
d. identify with their persona and use it as a guideline for effective interpersonal relations.

A

A. recognize their persona but not confuse it with the self.

51
Q

According to Jung, the shadow
a. is the archetype of darkness and repression.
b. springs from the personal conscious.
c. represents humanity’s search for transcendence.
d. All of these are correct.

A

A. is the archetype of darkness and repression.

52
Q

The first test of a person’s courage, according to Jung, is to
a. recognize one’s inheritance.
b. recognize the animus.
c. realize the shadow.
d. submit one’s self to the ego.

A

C. Realize the shadow

53
Q

Jung would say that a man who finds women alluring and mysterious may be projecting his ______ archetype onto women.
a. self
b. shadow
c. anima
d. animus

A

C. Anima

54
Q

In dreams, figures such as a teacher, philosopher, doctor, or priest may personify the ______ archetype, according to Jung.
a. ego
b. self
c. anima
d. shadow
e. wise old man

A

E. Wise old man

55
Q

Which of these people is most likely to represent Jung’s hero archetype?
a. a frightened person who overcomes fear to save another person from harm
b. an immortal person who fights to keep another person from harm
c. a man who overcomes his anima and thus becomes more desirable
to women
d. a woman who overcomes her animus and thus becomes more desirable
to men

A

A. a frightened person who overcomes fear to save another person from harm

56
Q

According to Jung, the achievement of consciousness by our distant ancestors is reflected in the hero’s
a. divine birth.
b. tragic flaw.
c. superhuman strength.
d. conquest of darkness.

A

D. Conquest of darkness

57
Q

The mandala represents Jung’s ______ archetype.
a. self
b. hero
c. ego
d. wise old man
e. great mother

A

A. The self

58
Q

In Jungian psychology, ______ is the essence of personality.
a. the self
b. the id
c. consciousness
d. the persona

A

A. The self

59
Q

In Jungian theory, extraverted feeling types are more likely than other types to
a. become businessmen or politicians.
b. become artists and to rely on subjective evaluations.
c. suffer from pathological guilt.
d. suffer from extreme mood swings.

A

A. become businessmen or politicians.

60
Q

In Jung’s theory, the process of actualizing the various components of personality best describes
a. individuation.
b. introversion.
c. extraversion.
d. style of life.
e. active imagination.

A

A. Individuation

THEORIES OS PERSONALITY (1 decks)

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