Part 1

Question 1

Thoracolumbar Fascia
Deep investing membranes in the ____ and _____ regions of the back

Answer 1

Thorax
Lumbar

Question 2

Thoracolumbar fascia acts as a container for the _______ musculature in ______ and ______ regions

Answer 2

Epaxial
Lumbar
Thoracic

Question 3

Thoracolumbar fascia are made up of 3 fibrous layers such as:

Answer 3

1.Anterior
2.Middle
3.Posterior

Question 4

Thoracolumbar fascia is reinforced by _________ from 4 several muscles such as:

Answer 4

Aponeuroses
1.Latissimus dorsi
2.Serratus posterior inferior
3.Transversus abdominis
4.Internal oblique

Question 5

Postervertebral Epaxial muscles (developed from the epimeres)

Answer 5

1.Deep
2.Intermediate
3.Superficial

Question 6

The Deep intrinsic musculature (2 groups)

Answer 6

1.Intertransversarii and Interspinales
2.The transverso-spinales group

Question 7

Deep Intrinsic muscles: Intertransversarii

Answer 7

Muscle that runs from the transverse process, anterior/posterior to the intertransverse ligament

Question 8

Deep Intrinsic muscles: Interspinales

Answer 8

Muscle that runs from the spinous process, lateral to the interspinous ligament

Question 9

What is the action of the interspinales and intertransversarri muscles?

Answer 9

Proprioceptive

Question 10

Deep intrinsic muscles: Transverso-spinales group

What are the 3 groups?
Where do they all run from?
What is the difference?

Answer 10

1.Semispinalis (superficial)
2.Multifidus (intermediate)
3.Rotatores (deep)

They all run from the transverse process inferiorly to the spinous process superiorly

The difference is how many vertebral segments they skip

Question 11

Deep intrinsic muscles: Transverso-spinales group (Semispinalis)

Well developed in the ______region
Superficial muscle running from the _______ to the _______.

Answer 11

Transverse process
Spinal process

Question 12

What is the action of the semispinalis muscle when the fibers go to the vertebrae only?

Answer 12

Bilateral-Extend vertebral column
Unilateral-Rotation contralateral side

Question 13

What is the action of the semispinalis muscle when the fibers go to the skull?

Answer 13

Bilateral-extends head and thoracic/cervical
Unilateral-Rotates to contralateral side

Question 14

Deep intrinsic muscles: Transverso-spinales group (Multifidus)

1-Well developed in the ______ spine.
2-Most caudal attachment:
3-Most cranial attachment:
4-Fibers of multifidi originate from the mammilary process in the lumbar spine.
5-Fasciculi vary in length according to depth: Superficial travel_____
deeper travel _____ distances

Answer 14

1-Lumbar
2-Posterior sacrum at S4
3-Spinous process of C2
4-Mammilary process
5-Further, Shorter

Question 15

What is the action of the multifidus?

Answer 15

Action: Extension of the superior vertebrae, proprioception (perhaps contralateral rotation and/or lateral flexion), vertebral inter-segmental stabilizers

Question 16

Deep intrinsic muscles: Transverso-spinales group (Rotatores)

1-Well developed in the ______ spine.
2-The first (obvious) evidence is at ___
3-Extends to ______
4-Rotatores ______ extends to lamina 2 segments above
5-Rotatores ______ extends to lamina 1 segments above

Answer 16

1.Thoracic spine
2. T1
3.T12
4.Longus
5.Brevis

Question 17

What is the action of the rotatores?

Answer 17

Postural control via proprioception local intersegmental stabilzer, rotator

Question 18

Deep Intrinsic Musculature (The Levatores Costarum Group)

What are the 2 components?

Answer 18

Longus and brevis components

Question 19

Deep Intrinsic Musculature (The Levatores Costarum Group)

1.What is the superior attachment?
2.What is the inferior attachment?

Answer 19

1.Thoracic transverse processes
2.Inferior rib between tubercle and angle

Question 20

Deep Intrinsic Musculature (The Levatores Costarum Group)

What is the inferior attachment of the longus and breves components?

Answer 20

Inferior attachment of brevis: to 1st rib below

Inferior attachment of longus: to 2nd rib below

Question 21

Action of the longus and brevis muscles of the levatores costarum group?

Answer 21

Uncertain, but probably help in elevating the ribs in respiration and/or proprioception

Question 22

Nerve supply of the longus and brevis muscles of the levatores costar group?

Answer 22

It lies posterolateral to the TVP. It is a respiratory muscle but innervated as if expaxial muscle i.e. by dorsal primary ramps therefore derived from the epimere

Question 23

It lies _______to the ______. It is a ________ muscle

Answer 23

Posterolateral
Transverse process
Respiratory

Question 24

The Deep Intrinsic Musculature: The sub-occipital group

What are the sub-occipital muscles

Answer 24

Semispinalis capitis

Question 25

What are the 4 small muscles deep to the semispinalis capitis

Answer 25

2x rectus capitis posterior (per side)
-Rectus capitis minor and major
2x obliques capitis (per side)
-Obliquus superioris and inferioris