Part 1 Flashcards
Regions of the Brain
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brain Stem
- (Diencephalon) - Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
-Largest part of brain
-Interprets sensory info
-controls higher mental functions
-sends motor commands
Cerebrum
Cerebrum is divided into ? by?
L and R cerebral hemispheres
divided by Longitudinal fissure
Surface of Cerebrum is made of ? called?
Gray matter called neural cortex or cerebral cortex
these surface are Highly folded for what
For increase surface area
Elevated ridges
gyri
Shallow depressions
sulci
Deep grooves
fissures
-Second largest part of brain
-Function is for Coordination of movements, time keeping
Cerebellum
Cerebellum is divided into?
and connected by?
L & R cerebellar hemisphere connected by Vermis
Cerebellum surface is ?
gray matter called Cerebellar Cortex
deep in cerebellum white matter forms called
arbor vitae
ascending from ___to ___
brain functions become more____
and more____
medulla oblongata to cerebrum;
more complex & more variable
Controls most basic life sustaining functions
Brain stem
examples of most basic life sustaining functions
HR, BP, Respirations, sleep, hunger, thirst, digestion
these are produced in the NEURAL CORTEX and we call these
-conscious thoughts and intelligence
-higher level functions
cranial meninges function
to protect the brain from cranial trauma
cranial meninges layers
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
Physical Protection of the Brain
-Bones of the cranium
-Cranial meninges
-Cerebrospinal fluid
Biochemical Isolation
Blood–brain barrier
what are important things about dura mater
- Outer fibrous layer (periosteal layer) fused to
periosteum - No epidural space as with the spinal cord
- Inner fibrous layer (meningeal layer)
- Space beneath is subdural space
- Venous sinuses between two layers that Drain blood from brain
what are important things about arachnoid mater?
Middle layer
* Smooth membrane covering surface of the brain (does not dip
into crevices)
* Subarachnoid space between arachnoid mater and pia mater
what are important things about Pia mater
- On brain surface
- Only the pia matter enters sulci
when blood accumulates in the subdural space is it called
subdural hematoma
space between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater that Drain blood from brain
venous sinuses
forms when inner layer of dura mater Extend into fissures
Dural folds
3 largest dural folds & locations
- Falx cerebri – between cerebral hemispheres
- Tentorium cerebelli - separates cerebellum and cerebrum
- Falx cerebelli – divides cerebellar hemispheres below the
tentorium cerebelli
- Cushions delicate neural structures
-Gives the brain buoyancy - Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste
products
CSF
Csf gives the brain buoyancy which decreases___weight
effective
in the ventricles, blood is filtered out of the vessels in the ___and across the____
choroid plexus and ependyma
controls the composition of Csf and secretes it into the ventricles
Ependymal cells
csf flows thru___&___
bathes____
flows thru____
and csf re enters the blood in____
ventricles & central canal
outer surface of brain
subarachnoid space
venous sinuses
-Abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain
___head of infant and can lead to____
Hydrocephalus
enlarged
neural tissue damage
a constant blood supply to the brain is integral because neural tissue depends almost entirely on_____to make atp.
this means that it need____at all times.
-glucose metabolism
-glucose & oxygen
When blood flow to an area of the brain is inhibited in some way, a stroke or _occurs:
Cerebrovascular accident CVA
When blood flow is blocked by a blood clot, the stroke is called a _____________ stroke.
thrombotic stroke
When blood flow is inhibited because of a bleed or hemorrhage in a vessel, the stroke is
called a _______________
Hemorrhagic stroke
If a patient had a stroke in the Left cerebral hemisphere, where would the symptoms be
present? Why?
Hemispheric lateralization
purpose of the blood brain barrier?
isolates CNS neural tissue from general circulation
The BBB is formed by ______________ ____________ between ____________ cells. (these
cells are cells that line____________ ______________)
-tight junctions between endothelial cells.
-blood vessels
control and maintain the blood brain barrier (enclose vessels with their
processes and induce the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells)
Astrocytes
Formed by tight junctions between EPENDYMAL CELLS that surround the capillaries
of the CHOROID PLEXUS.
Blood-Csf barrier
Blood CSF Barrier is formed by ?
Formed by tight junctions between EPENDYMAL CELLS that surround the capillaries
of the CHOROID PLEXUS.
Why do we not maintain a blood brain barrier in the vessels surrounding the hypothalamus,
pituitary gland, and pineal gland?
- Portions of hypothalamus
* Secrete hypothalamic hormones - Pituitary gland
* Secretes pituitary hormones - Pineal gland
* Pineal hormone secretions - Choroid plexus
* Where special ependymal cells maintain blood–CSF
barrier
