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Female Reproductive > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

2 endocrine glands

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

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2
Q

Primary female sex organ

A

Ovaries

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3
Q

Homologous to penis

A

Clitoris

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4
Q

Release of the mature egg from the ovary

A

Ovulation

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5
Q

Site of fetal development

A

Uterus

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6
Q

Site of implantation of embryo

A

Fallopian Tube

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7
Q

Organ of milk production

A

Mammary Gland

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8
Q

Commonly called birth canal

A

Vagina

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9
Q

Production of Sperm Cells, Sustaining the transfer of the sperm cells to the female, production of male sex hormones

A

MALE

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10
Q

Production of female sex cells, Reception of sperm cells from the male, nurturing the development of and providing nourishment for the new individual, production of female sex hormones.

A

FEMALE

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11
Q

Female Primary Sex Organ

A

Ovaries

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12
Q

Male Primary Sex Organ

A

Testes

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13
Q

control the development of reproductive structures, development of secondary sex characteristics, oogenesis and sexual behavior

A

HORMONES

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14
Q

control the sexual act and in the expression of sexual behavior

A

NEURAL MECHANISM

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15
Q

Primary female reproductive organs.
Functions: Produce ova or egg, Produce estrogen and progesterone

A

OVARIES

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16
Q

funcions: transport, nurture, and serve the needs of the developing fetus

A

ACCESSORY ORGANS

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17
Q

Ovaries
Duct System - Uterine (fallopian) tubes, Uterus, Vagina
External Genitalia

A

ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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18
Q

it is the other name of the hole of external genitalia

A

Vulva

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19
Q

Each ovary houses ovarian follicles consisting of

A

Oocyte

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20
Q

This is the “Immature Egg” in the ovaries

A

Oocyte

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21
Q

layers of different cells that surround the oocyte

A

Follicle cells

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22
Q

Oocyte
Anthrum
Vesicular (Graafian) folliclw
Ovulation
Corpus luteum

A

OVARIAN FOLLICLES

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23
Q

Suspensory ligaments
Ovarian ligaments
Broad ligaments

A

OVARY SUPPORT

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24
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) tubes
Uterus
Vagina

A

FEMALE DUCT SYSTEM

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25
Q

responsible for taking the egg cells inside of the fallopian tube

A

FIMBRIAE

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26
Q

middle of fallopian tube

A

Ampulla

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27
Q

Fallopian Tube (10cm long)
Receive ovulated oocyte & provide site for fertilization
opening is surrounded by fimbriae
supported by broad ligaments
fimbriae contains cilia that sweeps the oocyte into the uterine tube (fluid currents) + peristalsis = oocyte carried toward uterus

A

UTERINE TUBES

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28
Q

Hollow organs, located in the pelvis between the urinary bladder and rectum
functions to receive, retain and nourish fertilized egg
Size and shape of a pear, in a woman who has never been pregnant

A

UTERUS

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29
Q

The opening of uterine tubes is surrounded by ____

A

Fimbriae

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30
Q

The fimbriae contains this to sweep the oocute into the uterine tube + peristalsis

A

cilia

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31
Q

located in the superior part of the uterus

A

Fundus

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32
Q

Broad
Round
Uterosacral

A

Uterine Support

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33
Q

Body
Fundus
Cervix

A

Regions of the Uterus

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34
Q

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

A

Layers of the Uterus

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35
Q

thin walled tube about 8-10cm long
Female organ of copulation
Functions to receive penis during intercourse
Allows menstrual flow and childbirth (birth canal)
Distal end is partially closed by a thin fold mucosa

A

VAGINA

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36
Q

This usually rips off but not a reliable indicator of virginity

A

hymen

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37
Q

Mons Pubis
Labia
Clitoris
Urethral Orifice
Vaginal Orifice
Greater vestibular glands

A

External Genitalia and Female Perineum

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38
Q

“mountain of pubis”

A

Mons Pubis

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39
Q

skin folds (Labia Majora, Labia Minora)

A

Labia

40
Q

contains the external openings of the urethra and vagina

A

Vestibule

41
Q

secretions lubricate vagina during intercourse

A

Greater Vestibular Glands

42
Q

corresponds to penis sensitive erectile tissues becomes swollen with blood during excitement

A

Clitoris

43
Q

diamond-shaped region

A

Perineum

44
Q

where pubis is covered

A

Labia Majora

45
Q

The total supply of eggs is determined by the time a female is born
Ability to release eggs begins at puberty with the onset of the menstrual cycle
Reproductive ability ends at menopause
Oogenesis - process of producing ova (eggs) in a female
Oogonia - female stem cells found in a developing fetus
Oogonia undergo mitosis to produce primary oocytes that are surrounded by cells that form primary follicles in the ovary

A

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS AND CYCLES

46
Q

Ability to release eggs begins at puberty with the onset of the ____

A

menstrual cycle

47
Q

WHERE Reproductive ability ends

A

Menopause

48
Q

process of producing ova (eggs) in a female

A

Oogenesis

49
Q

female stem cells found in a developing fetus

A

Oogonia

50
Q

Oogonia undergo _____ to produce __________ that are surrounded by cells that form ________ in the ovary

A

Mitosis
Primary Oocytes
Primary Follicles

51
Q

causes some primary follicles to mature each month

A

FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)

52
Q
  • completed after ovulation only if sperm penetrates the oocyte
  • Ovum is produced
  • Two additional polar bodies are produced
A

Meiosis

53
Q

This is what the sperm penetrates in Meiosis

A

Oocyte

54
Q

Result of Sperm penetrating the oocyte during meiosis

A

Ovum

55
Q

Once ovum is formed, the 23 chromosomes can be combined with the 23 chromosomes of the sperm to form the FERTILIZED EGG called?

A

Zygote

56
Q

In meiosis, males produce what?

A

4 functional sperm

57
Q

In meiosis, female produces what?

A

Produces one functional ovum and three polar bodies

58
Q

tiny, motile, and equipped with nutrients in seminal fluid

A

Sperm

59
Q

large, is nonmotile, and has nutrient reserves to nourish the embryo until implantation

A

Egg

60
Q

Appears between 11 and 13 years
Marked by menarche (1st menstruation)
Changes are the result of the increase rate of estrogen and progesterone secretion of the ovaries
Before puberty, estrogen and progesterone are secreted in very small amounts
At puberty, the cyclical adult pattern of hormone secretion is gradually established

A

PUBERTY

61
Q

This hormone is produced by follicle cells

A

Estrogens

62
Q

These affects secondary sex characteristics

A

Estrogen

63
Q

causes reuptake of calcium ions, making bone density higher.

A

Estrogen

64
Q

produced by the corpus luteum
Production continues until LH diminishes in the blood
produced by the corpus luteum
Production continues until LH diminishes in the blood
Does NOT contribute to the appearance of secondary sex characteristics
Other Major Effects (Helps maintain pregnancy by inhibiting the contraction of myometrium, Prepares the breasts for milk production)

A

Progesterone

65
Q

Release of an oocyte from ovary

A

Ovulation

66
Q
  1. Follicular Phase
  2. Ovulation Phase
  3. Luteal Phase
A

Ovarian Cycle

67
Q

the ovarian follicles mature and get ready to release and egg.
rise in the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) during the first days of the cycle, a few ovarian folliclws are stimulated.
folliclws compete with each other for dominance, follicle that reaches maturity is called tertiary, or Graafian follicle, and it contains the ovum

A

Follicular Phase

68
Q

follicle compete with each other for dominance, follicle that reaches maturity is calle

A

Graafian follicle

69
Q

release of hormone matured the egg and weakens the wall of the follicle in the ovary, causing the fully developed follicle to release its secondary oocyte thus becomes matured ovum

A

LH

70
Q

The pituitary hormones FSH and LH cause the remaining parts of rhe dominant follicle to transform into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone/estrogen
hormones produced by the corpus outeum also suprress production of the FSH and LH that the corpus luteum needs to maintain itself.
loss of corpus luteum is prevented by fertilization of the egg.

A

Luteal Phase

71
Q

The pituitary hormones _____ cause the remaining parts of rhe dominant follicle to transform into the corpus luteum, which produces ______

A

FSH and LH, Progesterone/Estrogen

72
Q

Loss of corpus luteum is caused by _____

A

prevented by fertilization

73
Q

Cyclic changes of the endometrium, about 28 days in length
Regulated by cyclic production of estrogens and progesterone by the ovaries
FSH and LH, from the anterior pituitary, regulate the production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries
Ovulation typically occurs about midway through cycle, on day 14 (day of ovulation)

A

Uterine (Menstrual) Cycle

74
Q

Days of menstrual cycle

A

28 days

75
Q

What day does ovulation occur?

A

Day 14

76
Q

STAGES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

A

Day 1-5: Menstrual Phase
Day 6-14: proliferative stage
Days 15-28: Secretory Phase

77
Q

Functional layer of the endometrium is detached
Bleeding occurs for 3 to 5 days
Ovarian hormones are at their lowest levels
By day 5, growing ovarian follicles are producing more estrogen
Serves as a sign that a woman has not become pregnant
Proliferative Stage

A

Day 1-5: Menstrual Phase

78
Q

Regeneration of functional layer of the endometrium, increase in blood supply
Endometrium is repaired, thickens, velvety and becomes well vascularized
Estrogen levels rise
Ovulation occurs in the ovary at the end of this stage due to the sudden surge of LH in the blood

A

Day 6-14: proliferative stage

79
Q

Levels of progesterone rise by the corpus luteum and increase the blood supply to the endometrium, which becomes more vascular
Endometrium increases in size and readies for implantation
If fertilization occurs: Embryo produces a hormone that causes the corpus luteum to continue producing its hormones
If fertilization does NOT occur: Corpus Luteum degenerates as LH blood levels decline, The phases are repeated about every 28 days

A

Days 15-28: Secretory Phase

80
Q

Consist of mammary glands which are considered the organ of milk production
Before puberty, the breasts of males and females are similar. However, female breast begins to enlarge during puberty, under the influence of estrogen and progesterone

A

BREAST

81
Q

normally functions in women due to the production of milk
modified sweat glands
increase in size during puberty due to sex hormones (estrogen)
consists of 15-25 lobes, which is separated by connective tissues and fats
each lobe contains smaller chambers “lobules” (contains clusters of alveolar glands = production of milk = lactiferous duct = nipple

A

Mammary Glands

82
Q

Areola - central pigmented area
Nipple - producing central area of areola
Lobes - internal structure that radiate around nipple
Lobules - located within each lobe and contain clusters of alveolar glands
Alveolar Glands - produce milk when a woman is lactating (producing milk)
Lactiferous ducts - connect alveolar gland to nipple
Lactiferous sinus - dilated portion where milk accumulates

A

Parts of the Mammary Gland

83
Q

x-ray examination that detects breast cancers to small to feel
American Cancer Society recommends mammography annually for women between 45 and 54 years old and every 2 years thereafter if the results are normal
Breast cancer is often signaled by a change in skin texture, puckering, or leakage from the nipple

A

Mammography

84
Q

Cessation of menstrual cycle
Caused by age-related changes in the ovaries
Follicles are less sensitive to stimulation of the FSH & LH
Climacteric - from onset of irregular cycles up to the cessation of menstrual cycle

A

MENOPAUSE

85
Q

time from fertilization until infant is born

A

Pregnancy

86
Q

developing offspring

A

Conceptus

87
Q

period of time from fertilization until week 8

A

Embryo

88
Q

week 9 until birth

A

Fetus

89
Q

from date of last period until birth (approximately 280 days)

A

Gestation period

90
Q

Pregnancy - time from fertilization until infant is born
Conceptus - developing offspring
Embryo - period of time from fertilization until week 8
Fetus - week 9 until birth
Gestation period - from date of last period until birth (approximately 280 days)

A

PREGNANCY AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

91
Q

Begins when sperm cell penetrates into the cytoplasm of the secondary oocyte

A

FERTILIZATION

92
Q

An oocyte is viable up to 24 hours after ovulation
Sperm are viable up to 48 hours after ejaculation
For fertilization to occur, sexual intervourse must occur no more than 2 days before ovulation and no later than 24 hours after
Sperm cells must make their way to the uterine tube for fertilization to be possible
Sperm cells are attracted to the oocyte by chemicals

A

ACCOMPLISHING FERTILIZATION

93
Q

Female Sex Cells

A

Ova

94
Q

Male Sex Cells

A

Sperm

95
Q

Other term of Fallopian Tube

A

Uterine

96
Q

Each ovary houses ovarian follicles called

A

Oocyte

Female Reproductive (1 decks)

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