part 1

Question 1

process by which chemical substances (nutrients) are acquired from the environment and
used in cellular activities

Answer 1

NUTRITION

Question 2

must be provided to an
organism

Answer 2

essential nutrients

Question 3

required in large quantities; play
principal roles in cell structure and metabolism. give 2 example

Answer 3

macronutrients
- proteins
- carbohydrates

Question 4

required in small amounts; involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure

Answer 4

micronutrients
- manganese
- zinc
- nickel

Question 5

contain carbon and hydrogen atoms and are usually the products of living things. ex

Answer 5

organic nutrients
- methane, carbohydrates, lipids, protein, nucleic acids

Question 6

atom or molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen

Answer 6

inorganic nutrients
- metals and their salt (magnesium sulfate, ferric nitrate, ssodium phosphate)
- gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water)

Question 7

carbon sources

Answer 7

• heterotroph
• autotroph

Question 8

must obtain carbon in an organic
form made by other living organisms such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acid

Answer 8

heterotroph

Question 9

an organism that uses CO2, an inorganic gas as its carbon source
– Not nutritionally dependent on other living thing

Answer 9

autotroph

Question 10

must be provided as a nutrient
– Essential amino acids, vitamins

Answer 10

growth factor

Question 11

main determinants of nutritional types.

Answer 11

carbon sources
- heterotroph, autotroph
energy sources
- chemotroph, phototroph

Question 12

gain energy from chemical
compounds

Answer 12

chemotroph

Question 13

gain energy through photosynthesis

Answer 13

phototrophs

Question 14

survive totally on
inorganic substances

Answer 14

Chemoautotrophs

Question 15

Heterotrophs;

Answer 15

Saprobes, Parasites

Question 16

free-living microorganisms that feed on organic detritus from dead
organisms

Answer 16

saprobes

Question 17

derive nutrients from
host

Answer 17

parasites

Question 18

does not require energy; substances
exist in a gradient and move from areas of higher
concentration toward areas of lower concentrations

Answer 18

passive transport

Question 19

requires energy and carrier proteins;
gradient independent

Answer 19

active transport

Question 20

passive transport ex.

Answer 20

diffusion osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Question 21

active transport ex.

Answer 21

carrier-mediated active transport, bulk transport, group translocation

Question 22

atoms and molecules exist in random motions

Answer 22

diffusion osmosis

Question 23

molecules bind to carrier protein and is carried across the side

Answer 23

facilitated diffusion

Question 24

atoms are pumped in and out of the cell by specialized receptors

Answer 24

carrier-mediated active transport

Question 25

molecules is moved across and simultaneously converted into a metabolically useful susbtance

Answer 25

group translocation

Question 26

mass transport of large particles, cells and liquids by engulfment and vesicle formation

Answer 26

bulk transport

Question 27

utilizes oxygen and can detoxify it

Answer 27

Aerobe

Question 28

cannot grow without oxygen

Answer 28

Obligate aerobe

Question 29

utilizes oxygen but can also grow in its absence

Answer 29

Facultative anaerobe

Question 30

– requires only a small amount of oxygen

Answer 30

Microaerophilic

Question 31

does not utilize oxygen

Answer 31

Anaerobe

Question 32

– lacks the enzymes to detoxify oxygen so cannot survive in an oxygen environment

Answer 32

Obligate anaerobe

Question 33

– do not utilize oxygen but can survive and grow in its presence

Answer 33

Aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 34

grows best at higher CO2 tensions than normally present in the atmosphere

Answer 34

Capnophile

Question 35

Majority of microorganisms grow at a pH between 6 and 8

Answer 35

neutrophiles

Question 36

grow at extreme acid pH

Answer 36

Acidophiles

Question 37

grow at extreme alkaline pH

Answer 37

Alkalinophiles

Question 38

require a high concentration of salt

Answer 38

Halophiles

Question 39

– do not require high concentration of solute but can tolerate it when it occurs

Answer 39

Osmotolerant

Question 40

can survive under extreme pressure and will rupture if exposed to normal atmospheric pressure

Answer 40

Barophiles