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HB STRUCTURAL EP PART 1 > PART 1 > Flashcards

PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelium comes from what

A

the germ layers ( ectoderm . endoderm , mesoderm)

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2
Q

where is the epithelium present

A

all surfaces and lining the open cavities ex. digestive system and forms secretory portion of glands

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3
Q

what is the epithelium made up of

A

epithelial cells - keratinocyte in skin and glandular cells in glands.

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4
Q

epithelium function( 7 functions)

A

1- covering and protection
2- prevents loss of moisture- epidermis
3- absorption - small intestine
4- excretion-sweat glands
5- synthesis of enzymes for digestion - saliva
6- synthesis of hormones - thyroid
7- sensation- taste buds , neuroepithelial of the eye

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5
Q

epithelium that lines the ORAL and NASAL CAVITIES is derived from what

A

ECTODERM

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6
Q

epithelium that lines the VASCULAR is derived from what

A

MESODERM

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7
Q

epithelium that lines the DIGESTIVE TRACT AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM is derived from what

A

ENDODERM

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8
Q

Name the 3 simple layers

A

1- simple cuboidal
2- simple columnar
3- simple squamous also know as polyhedral.

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9
Q

Name the 3 stratified layers

A

1- stratified cuboidal
2- stratified columnar
3- stratified squamous

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10
Q

Define pseudostratified columnar and where can we find it

A

it appears like its multiple layers because of the height of the nuclei is diff and we can find it in the respiratory tract but there its ciliated.

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11
Q

Where we can we find the transitional epithelium

A

in urinary bladder

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12
Q

where does the epithelium rests

A

underlying CT

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13
Q

Two types of underlying CT

A

dermis - skin so epidermis resting on dermis
lamina propria - internal organs so epithelium on top of lamina propria forming mucosa

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14
Q

what forms the basement membrane

A

basal lamina + reticular lamina

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15
Q

in LM

A

we see basement membrane pink like between epithelium and CT ( pa-schiff )

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16
Q

in EM

A

basal lamina term used

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17
Q

how are the epithelial cells nourished

A

diffusion of molecules from underlying ct

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18
Q

what is the thickness of basement membrane

A

20-100nm

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19
Q

basal lamina is secreted by what

A

epithelial cells

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20
Q

reticular lamina is secreted by what

A

Connective tissue

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21
Q

what is the composition of basal lamina ( hint they are 4)

A

1- type 4 collagen
2- glycoproteins ( laminin and entactin)
3-proteoglycan( heparin sulphate )
4- anchoring fibers

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22
Q

what forms the reticular lamina

A

reticular fibers + basal lamina

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23
Q

basement membrane formed by

A

2 basal lamina or a basal lamina + reticular lamina

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24
Q

function of Basement Membrane ( 3 functions)

A

1- supports the epithelium
2- attaches the epithelium to CT
3- nutrition since the diffusion of molecules from CT to epithelial cells must pass through the basement membrane 1st —- then epithelium

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25
Q

WHY does the epithelial cells show modifications of their cell membrane ( hint : they are 2 reasons )

A

1- help preform cell functions
2- maintain cellular integrity

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26
Q

What are the modifications found on 3 surfaces

A

1- apical or free surface
2- lateral surface
3- basal surface

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27
Q

List the 3 types of apical surface

A

1- Microvilli
2- cilia
3- stereocilia

28
Q

List the 3 types of lateral surface

A

1- tight junctions
2- adhesion junctions
3- gap junctions

29
Q

List the 2 types of basal surface

A

1- hemidesmosomes
2- basal infoldings

30
Q

Microvilli found where and how high it is and also what is the width

A

on apical surface
1um high
0.08 um wide

31
Q

Microvilli seen only by EM or LM

A

EM

32
Q

Microvilli is motile or no

A

no

33
Q

microvilli doesn’t contain core of actin microfilament true or false

A

FALSEEEEEEEE WAKE UP

34
Q

Microvilli found where

A

columnar cells of intestine
proximal renal tubules

35
Q

what is the role of actin microfilament in the microvilli

A

provide support to the plasma membrane
and
maintain morphology of cell

36
Q

known as brush or striated border in LM

A

microvilli and the glycocalyx

37
Q

Where can we find the stereocilia

A

epididymis of male reproductive - absorption
inner ear - receptor

38
Q

why is the stereocilia considered microvilli

A

so because it contains actin microfilament and they name it cilia cuz its tall

39
Q

stereocilia is motile or non

A

non motile

40
Q

Cilia is made up of what

A

microtubules

41
Q

Cilia is motile or non

A

motile

42
Q

Where can we find cilia

A

nasal system
upper respiratory system - trachea which is pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
in uterine tube ( simple columnar)

43
Q

cross section of cilium reveals

A

9 doublets of microtubules surrounding 2 single microtubules

44
Q

describe flagella where is it , how many flagella in each cell, and function

A

flagella only in sperm
one flagella for each cell
and helps in motility

45
Q

Tight junction is known as
a- zona occludens
b- zonula adherance
c- macula adherance

A

A. ZONA OCCLUDENS WAKE UPPPPP

46
Q

Tight junction encircles what

A

the apical end of the cell tightly like a belt like struCTURE!!!

47
Q

Tight junction separates what from whatttttt

A

LUMINAL SPACE FROMN THE INTRACELLUAR SPACE

48
Q

In tight junction we have exchange of substances between cells true or false?

A

false

49
Q

Two types of adhesive junctions

A

zonula adherence
macula adherance

50
Q

define adhesive junction

A

space between 2 plasma membranes of adjacent cells filled by adhesive material (holds the cell together) imagine it like a hot dog the breads at each side is the plasma membrane and the hot dog in the middle is the adhesive material

51
Q

define Zonula adherance

A

belt desmosomes
15-20 nm
and insertion of actin microfilaments in cytoplasmic side ( terminal web)
filled with adhesive

52
Q

define Macula adherance

A

spot of desmosomes
20-30 nm
filled with adhesive material and intermediate filaments
intermediate filaments attached to the attachment plaques( in epithelium there’s cytokeratin filaments)

53
Q

Junctional complex is made up of 3 things

A

zonala occludens
zonula adherance
macula adherance

54
Q

how do the gap junctions provide communication between cells

A

by exchanging the materials through plasma membrane

55
Q

where can we find gap junctions

A

heart ( cardiac muscle)

56
Q

how many connexon and made up of what

A

each 1 connexon( 2nm) made up 6 connexins

57
Q

what do the gap junctions channels allow

A

allow the exchange of ions and small molecules between cytoplasm of adjacent cell

58
Q

What does the hemidesmosomes connect

A

basal surface of the cell to basement membrane

59
Q

what anchors the tonofilaments

A

hemidesmosomes anchor it to basement membrane then to underlying CT

60
Q

Where is the basal infolding found

A

kidney tubules
striated salivary glands

61
Q

function of basal infolding

A

increase surface area of absorption of cuboidal cells to collect waste products , ions , urea by active transport.

62
Q

basal infolding It usually associated with large
number of mitochondriae true or false

A

true

63
Q

what does the myoepithelial cells cytoplasm

A

contain actin and myosin filament

64
Q

why are the myoepithelial cells associated with secretory cells

A

because when it contracts it facilitate flow of the secretory product example mammary , saliva , sweat

65
Q

What does the neuroepithelia cells have

A

modified cilia or microvilli as receptors

66
Q

can the neuroepithelial cells be replaced after damage

A

yes they can by basal stem cells

67
Q

where can we find the neuroepithelial

A

in sensory organs like olfactory cells and taste buds

HB STRUCTURAL EP PART 1 (2 decks)

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