Part 1 Flashcards
The CDC reports that ____ people get HAI a year & out of those _____ will result in death
2 Million; 100,000
Approx ____ out of every ____ pts receiving healthcare in the US will acquire a HAI?
1/20
Research studies have demonstrated that the bacteria that cause hospital acquired infections are most frequently spread from one pt to another via ____
The hands of the health care worker
Despite the evidence linking infection to hand washing, 34 studies involved hand washing amount healthcare workers revealed that workers only wash their hands what percent of the time?
40%
Which form of hand hygiene is the best?
SOAP AND WATER
What is the preferred substitute for soap and water when hands are not visibly dirty?
Alcohol based hand rubs
If you have a PT with C.Diff what hand washing procedure should you use?
Soap and water
How can you prevent infection?
By breaking ANY link on the chain of infection
What is the chain of infection?
Infectious agent- reservoir- portal of exit- transmission- portal of entry- susceptible host
What is the most effective way to break the chain of infection?
Hand Hygiene
What are infectious agents
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, Protozoa with a high level of virulence
What are some frequent reservoirs of HAI’s?
Healthcare workers, pts, equipment, environment
What microbe causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium Perfringens
What are some common portals of exit?
Blood, skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tracts, GU, GI tract, transplacental
What are the modes of transmission & an example to go with.
Direct- person to person
Indirect- person to fomite
Droplet- coughing, sneezing, talking
Airborne- air/ dust
Vehicles- water, drugs, blood, food
Vector- parasites like ticks
What are the portals of entry?
Mucous membranes, skin, parenteral route
What are some factors that effect susceptibility?
Age, nutrition, stress, disease process, obesity, smoking
Besides hand washing what are some other ways to break the chain of infection?
Disposable equipment, gloves, careful handing of elimination
What is a hospital inquired infection? What are the most common ones?
- ANY INFECTION NOT PRESENT OR INCUBATING AT THE TIME OF ADMISSION
- surgical site, bloodstream, urinary tract infections, pneumonias
When are standard precautions applied?
ALL CARE OF PTS REGARDLESS OF DIAGNOSIS
What are the 7 characteristics of standard precautions?
Hand washing- gloves- mask/ eye wear- gowns- equipment- linen- pt placement
In what order do you don on PPE?
Gown, mask, goggles, gloves
What are transmission based precautions?
Airborne, droplet, contact, protective equipment
What are airborne precautions used for?
Diseases that are spread short distances by large droplets
