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UNA NU301 Exam 2 > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The CDC reports that ____ people get HAI a year & out of those _____ will result in death

A

2 Million; 100,000

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2
Q

Approx ____ out of every ____ pts receiving healthcare in the US will acquire a HAI?

A

1/20

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3
Q

Research studies have demonstrated that the bacteria that cause hospital acquired infections are most frequently spread from one pt to another via ____

A

The hands of the health care worker

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4
Q

Despite the evidence linking infection to hand washing, 34 studies involved hand washing amount healthcare workers revealed that workers only wash their hands what percent of the time?

A

40%

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5
Q

Which form of hand hygiene is the best?

A

SOAP AND WATER

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6
Q

What is the preferred substitute for soap and water when hands are not visibly dirty?

A

Alcohol based hand rubs

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7
Q

If you have a PT with C.Diff what hand washing procedure should you use?

A

Soap and water

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8
Q

How can you prevent infection?

A

By breaking ANY link on the chain of infection

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9
Q

What is the chain of infection?

A

Infectious agent- reservoir- portal of exit- transmission- portal of entry- susceptible host

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10
Q

What is the most effective way to break the chain of infection?

A

Hand Hygiene

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11
Q

What are infectious agents

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, Protozoa with a high level of virulence

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12
Q

What are some frequent reservoirs of HAI’s?

A

Healthcare workers, pts, equipment, environment

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13
Q

What microbe causes gas gangrene?

A

Clostridium Perfringens

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14
Q

What are some common portals of exit?

A

Blood, skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tracts, GU, GI tract, transplacental

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15
Q

What are the modes of transmission & an example to go with.

A

Direct- person to person
Indirect- person to fomite
Droplet- coughing, sneezing, talking
Airborne- air/ dust
Vehicles- water, drugs, blood, food
Vector- parasites like ticks

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16
Q

What are the portals of entry?

A

Mucous membranes, skin, parenteral route

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17
Q

What are some factors that effect susceptibility?

A

Age, nutrition, stress, disease process, obesity, smoking

18
Q

Besides hand washing what are some other ways to break the chain of infection?

A

Disposable equipment, gloves, careful handing of elimination

19
Q

What is a hospital inquired infection? What are the most common ones?

A
  • ANY INFECTION NOT PRESENT OR INCUBATING AT THE TIME OF ADMISSION
  • surgical site, bloodstream, urinary tract infections, pneumonias
20
Q

When are standard precautions applied?

A

ALL CARE OF PTS REGARDLESS OF DIAGNOSIS

21
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of standard precautions?

A

Hand washing- gloves- mask/ eye wear- gowns- equipment- linen- pt placement

22
Q

In what order do you don on PPE?

A

Gown, mask, goggles, gloves

23
Q

What are transmission based precautions?

A

Airborne, droplet, contact, protective equipment

24
Q

What are airborne precautions used for?

A

Diseases that are spread short distances by large droplets

25
Q

What are respiratory droplets?

A

Infected person coughs, sneezes, talks during PT care

26
Q

What are susceptible portals of entry for respiratory viruses?

A

Nasal mucosa & mouth

27
Q

What are some diseases that require airborne precautions?

A

Measles, smallpox, varicella, TB, varicella zoster

28
Q

What barrier protections must be used with airborne precautions?

A

Private rooms with NEGATIVE pressure airflow, N95 masks

29
Q

What do droplet precautions require?

A

Surgical mask, hand hygiene, dedicated care equipment

30
Q

What are some diseases you would put on droplet precautions?

A

Flu & pneumonia

31
Q

What is the most common mode of transmission?

32
Q

What two subgroups are within contact precautions?

A

Direct and indirect

33
Q

What PPE is used for contact precautions?

A

Gown & gloves

34
Q

What is protective equipment? what is the goal?

A

Reserve isolation- protect pt from exposure to microbes

35
Q

What gifts can transmission precautions receive?

A

Positive airflow & fresh fruit

36
Q

What kind of pt may be placed on protective environment precautions?

A

Immunocompromised

37
Q

What is Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Strain off bacteria that forms part of the human normal flora and can be found on the skin & in the nares

38
Q

What percent of the Population is colonized in the nares with staph?

39
Q

What are some minor staph skin infections and how are they treated?

A

Pimples/boils
ANTIBIOTICS

40
Q

What are some major infections caused by staph?

A

Surgical wound, bloodstream infections and pneumonia

UNA NU301 Exam 2 (1 decks)

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