Part 1

Question 1

What are the two functional muscle groups of the spine?

Answer 1

Transversospinalis and erector spinae groups

Question 2

Anterior means?

Answer 2

Towards the front

Question 3

Posterior means?

Answer 3

Toward the back

Question 4

The ____________muscles resist anterior shear of the vertebra and control rotation of the vertebra

Answer 4

Multifidus

Question 5

The ________muscle bridges the spine and the leg.

Answer 5

Illiopsoas

Question 6

The iliopsoas shares a reflex neurological relationship with which organ?

Answer 6

Kidney

Question 7

What is the Spinous Process

Answer 7

The bone that stick out from the vertebrae

Question 8

How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?

Answer 8

There are 7 vertebrae in the cervical region (C1-C7).

Question 9

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?

Answer 9

There are 12 vertebrae in the thoracic region (T1-T12).

Question 10

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?

Answer 10

There are 5 vertebrae in the lumbar region (L1-L5).

Question 11

What is the vertebral body?

Answer 11

The vertebral body is the thick, cylindrical anterior portion of a vertebra that bears weight and is connected to the intervertebral discs.

Question 12

What is the vertebral arch?

Answer 12

The vertebral arch is the posterior portion of a vertebra that forms a ring around the spinal cord and contains several processes and facets for muscle and ligament attachment.

Question 13

What is the spinous process?

Answer 13

The spinous process is the posterior projection from the vertebral arch that can be felt as bumps along the back of the spine.

Question 14

What are transverse processes?

Answer 14

Transverse processes are the lateral projections from the vertebral arch that provide attachment sites for muscles and ligaments.

Question 15

What is the vertebral foramen?

Answer 15

The vertebral foramen is the central opening in each vertebra that forms a canal for the spinal cord.
The foreman guides the spinal cord

Question 16

What are the intervertebral discs?

Answer 16

The intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous structures located between adjacent vertebrae that provide cushioning and shock absorption for the spine.

Question 17

What are the facet joints?

Answer 17

The facet joints are the small joints between adjacent vertebrae that help to stabilize the spine and control its movement.

Question 18

What is the spinal canal?

Answer 18

The spinal canal is the space within the vertebral column that contains the spinal cord and its surrounding meninges, blood vessels, and cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 19

The nervous system remembers the ________ reps of a set

Answer 19

2

Question 20

What is kyphosis?

Answer 20

Kyphosis is excessive outward curvature of the thoracic region of the spine

Question 21

What is adduction?

Answer 21

Adduction is the movement of a limb or body part toward the midline of the body.
“Add it back to the middle!”

Question 22

What is abduction?

Answer 22

Abduction is the movement of a limb or body part away from the midline of the body.
“Abandon it away from the middle!”

Question 23

What is flexion?

Answer 23

Flexion is the bending of a joint to decrease the angle between two bones or body parts.
“Flex to connect!”

Question 24

What is extension?

Answer 24

Extension is the straightening of a joint to increase the angle between two bones or body parts.