Part 1

Question 1

What are the key features of O2?`

Answer 1

Abundance and Electronegativity

Question 2

How is biocomplexity linked with atmospheric oxygen?

Answer 2

Increases in atmospheric oxygen is associated with an increase in organism complexity

Question 3

Polar Gigantism

Answer 3

Trend of animals to be larger at higher latitudes and smaller at higher altitudes and there is a correlation between maximum body length and oxygen content (Benthic amphipod crustaceans)

Question 4

Insect Gigantism

Answer 4

Rise and fall in atmospheric oxygen coincide with the rise and fall of the size of insects

Question 5

Oxygen In corporation into Membrane Proteins

Answer 5

Eukaryotic cells with compartments

Question 6

Romer’s Gap

Answer 6

15-million year decline in vertebrate colonization (fossil records)

Question 7

Climate Change

Answer 7

Warming - increases oxygen metabolism and decreases it’s solubility in water

Question 8

What is the aetiology of complex diseases closely associated with?

Answer 8

Oxygen Metabolism

Question 9

VO2 Max (Maximal oxygen uptake)

Answer 9

Maximal rate of oxygen utilization by exercising muscles

Question 10

How is VO2 Max measured?

Answer 10

Exercise stress test

Question 11

Why do you test for VO2 max?

Answer 11

Assess physical fitness, diagnosing and assessing IHD, developing an exercise prescription, and identify patients who may have difficulty performing various functional tasks.

Question 12

What is VO2 max associated with?

Answer 12

Muscle strength

Question 13

T or F : VO2 increases with age

Answer 13

F - it decreases with age, about 1% per year after 30 years

Question 14

What are determinants of endurance performance

Answer 14

VO2max, Capillary density, Level of aerobic enzymes, mitochondrial size and number, muscle fibre type

Question 15

What does VO2 max represent?

Answer 15

A fundamental measure of physiologic functional capacity for exercise

Question 16

Maximal oxygen consumption tests

Answer 16

Treadmill, running, walking, swimming, rowing, skating

Question 17

How long do consumption tests usually last?

Answer 17

3-5 minutes supramaximal effort or progressive increments of effort - termination of test influenced by motivational factors that do not necessarily reflect physiological strain

Question 18

How many types of VO2max tests protocols are there?

Answer 18

2 - Continuous and Discontinuous

Question 19

Continuous

Answer 19

Progressively increasing exercise increments with recovery or rest intervals

Question 20

Continuous part 2

Answer 20

also provides a practical test of aerobic capacity for most healthy individuals - 8-10 min

Question 21

Discontinuous

Answer 21

Progressively increasing exercise increments interspersed with recovery intervals - 65 min

Question 22

What are factors that affect maximal oxygen consumption?

Answer 22

Mode of exercise
Heredity
State of training
Gender
Body size
Age

Question 23

Intensity vs MET value

Answer 23

1.1-2.9 = Light
3.0-5.9 = Moderate
Greater than 8 = Vigorous

Question 24

Calculating MET-Minutes/Week

Answer 24

30 min x 5 MET = 150 MET minutes
150 MET minutes per day x 5 days per week = 750 MET minutes per week ^-1

Question 25

Sedentary Behaviour (movement)

Answer 25

Any waking behaviour that is characterized by an energy expenditure less than 1.5 metabolic equivalents and a sitting or reclining posture

Question 26

Physical Activity

Answer 26

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in an energy expenditure above the resting level (over 1.6 metabolic units)

Question 27

Physical Inactivity

Answer 27

Absence of physical activity or exercise that fails to meet the standard recommendations for health

Question 28

Physical Activity vs Exercise

Answer 28

PA: Any movement carried out throughout the dat E: A specific prescribed physical activity designed for enhancement in a specific physical or mental health parameter

Question 29

Laboratory vs Field

Answer 29

L: Controlled F: Uncontrolled

Question 30

What are the types of quantitative research?

Answer 30

Descriptive, Correlational, and Experimental

Question 31

Descriptive Research

Answer 31

Describe different phenomenon but not how and why

Question 32

Correlational Research

Answer 32

Relationship between variables

Question 33

Experimental Research

Answer 33

Majority of studies in exercise science are experimental

Question 34

Independent Variables

Answer 34

Held constant and define contact and conditions of experiment

Question 35

Dependent Variables

Answer 35

Measurements responding to changes in the independent variables

Question 36

Activity Recommendations

Answer 36

30 min moderate to vigorous activity (WHO)

Question 37

Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology

Answer 37

150 min of moderate intensity activity/week 90 min of vigorous activity per week Resistance 2 days per week Flexibility exercise 4-7 days per week

Question 38

Heart and Stroke

Answer 38

10,000 Steps a day

Question 39

ACSM

Answer 39

150 min moderate activity per week

Question 40

Paradigm

Answer 40

A system of beliefs, ideas, values, and habits that is a way of thinking about the real world

Question 41

Bus Driver vs Heart Conductor

Answer 41

Drivers - 2 x more likely to get CV disease Drivers - < 50 yrs, 4 x greater incidence of sudden cardiac death Drivers – increased adiposity and higher serum lipids

Question 42

True or False: Men in physically active jobs have a lower incidence and severity of CHD than those in inactive jobs.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Harvard Alumni Study

Answer 43

Examined the lifestyle and exercise habits of ~13,485 men (Harvard Alumni). Reduced death risk for participation in regular exercise (walking, stair climbing, sports/recreational activity) < 4 METs no effect 4 – 6 METs somewhat beneficial > 6 METS lower mortality rates