Part 1 Flashcards
What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic : contains capsule
pilus/fimbrae
and flagellum
Eukaryotic: membrane enclosed organelles
What are the structures of the prokaryotic cell?
cytoplasm
ribosome
nucleoid
plasma membrane
complex and rigid cell wall
capsule
flagella
pili/fimbrae
endospores
What is the role of cytoplasm?
to facilitate chemical reactions and dissolve solutes
ex. carbs and proteins
What is a nucleoid?
A single haploid chromosome.
primary genetic material (1/3 )
needs to be compressed
genome is longer than cell itself
contain rna
What is function of plasmid?
NOT part of nucleiod
contain genes associated with disease (virulence factors) or to survive with abx or other toxic compounds (resistance)
conjugative plasmids : cell to cell transfer by conjunction
What is the function of the ribosome?
act as targets for abx and contain two subunits
structurally different in eukaryotic
location for protein synthesis
16s rRNA encodes genes for component of 30s subunit for reconstructing phylogenies
What is the bacterial envelope?
a cell wall that is different in gram negative and positive.
What are the differences in the bacterial envelope between a gram negative and positive bacteria?
Gram negative :
-capsule
-cell wall
-cytoplasmic membrane
-periplasmic space
- outer membrane
Gram positive :
-capsule
-cell wall
-cytoplasmic membrane
True or false, prokaryotic cells get energy from the mitochondria.
False, they receive energy from the plasma membrane.
What is the key polymer of the cell wall?
peptidoglycan, a mesh like structure consisting of chains of alternating subunits and allows the cell to grow in size.
What is the function of the peptidoglycan layer?
protection against mechanical damage and osmotic layer
transport non selective permeability
contribute to the colour when gram staining.
What is the LPS?
lipopolysaccharide
common in gram negative bacteria and is part of the out membrane.
is an endotoxin
virulence factor
Lipid A component and is the fixed component.
What is the function of the outer membrane?
selective permeability barrier
resistance to large or hydrophobic toxic compounds
tolerance to detergents and biles salts
What symptoms would you see from LPS toxin in animal?
fever
leukopenia
anorexia
diarrhoea
blood coagulation
hemorrhagic shock
What are the exceptions of the two main structural classes of bacteria?
Mycobacteria - gram positive but contain mycolic acid, acid fast staining for identification.
Mollicutes (mycoplasmas) - doesn’t have a plasma membrane
