Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic : contains capsule
pilus/fimbrae
and flagellum
Eukaryotic: membrane enclosed organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the structures of the prokaryotic cell?

A

cytoplasm
ribosome
nucleoid
plasma membrane
complex and rigid cell wall
capsule
flagella
pili/fimbrae
endospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the role of cytoplasm?

A

to facilitate chemical reactions and dissolve solutes
ex. carbs and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a nucleoid?

A

A single haploid chromosome.
primary genetic material (1/3 )
needs to be compressed
genome is longer than cell itself
contain rna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is function of plasmid?

A

NOT part of nucleiod
contain genes associated with disease (virulence factors) or to survive with abx or other toxic compounds (resistance)
conjugative plasmids : cell to cell transfer by conjunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

A

act as targets for abx and contain two subunits
structurally different in eukaryotic
location for protein synthesis

16s rRNA encodes genes for component of 30s subunit for reconstructing phylogenies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the bacterial envelope?

A

a cell wall that is different in gram negative and positive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the differences in the bacterial envelope between a gram negative and positive bacteria?

A

Gram negative :
-capsule
-cell wall
-cytoplasmic membrane
-periplasmic space
- outer membrane

Gram positive :
-capsule
-cell wall
-cytoplasmic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or false, prokaryotic cells get energy from the mitochondria.

A

False, they receive energy from the plasma membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the key polymer of the cell wall?

A

peptidoglycan, a mesh like structure consisting of chains of alternating subunits and allows the cell to grow in size.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the peptidoglycan layer?

A

protection against mechanical damage and osmotic layer
transport non selective permeability
contribute to the colour when gram staining.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the LPS?

A

lipopolysaccharide
common in gram negative bacteria and is part of the out membrane.
is an endotoxin
virulence factor
Lipid A component and is the fixed component.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the outer membrane?

A

selective permeability barrier
resistance to large or hydrophobic toxic compounds
tolerance to detergents and biles salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What symptoms would you see from LPS toxin in animal?

A

fever
leukopenia
anorexia
diarrhoea
blood coagulation
hemorrhagic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the exceptions of the two main structural classes of bacteria?

A

Mycobacteria - gram positive but contain mycolic acid, acid fast staining for identification.
Mollicutes (mycoplasmas) - doesn’t have a plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of capsules?

A

protection
virulence factor - attach to surfaces ( pneumonia )
nutrient reserve

17
Q

True or false, capsules are not found in all prokaryotic cells?

A

True

18
Q

True or false, capsules can be stained with a gram stain?

A

False.

19
Q

What is the function of endospores?

A

ensure survival during adverse environmental conditions
dormant highly resistant bodies

20
Q

What are some examples of bacteria that contain endospores?

A

Bacillus and clostridium

21
Q

Animal carcasses that are infected with endospore bacteria need to be incinerated, true or false?

A

True

22
Q

What is the function of flagella?

A

locomotion or mobility of bacteria.

23
Q

What is the function of fimbrae/pili?

A

adhesion to host tissue
contribute to antigenicity
commonly found in gram negative

24
Q

Name the most common shapes of bacteria.

A

Cocci - round
bacilli - rod

25
Q

What are the difference in shape between staph and strep cocci?

A

Staph will be clustered together
Strep will be stranded (pearl necklace)

26
Q

What is a colony?

A

Growth of bacteria cells on a solid growth media visual without use of microscope.

27
Q

True or false, morphology of colony can change.

A

True, the determinates are medium, incubation time, temp, O2, or genetic difference.