part 1

Question 1

A principle that governs the amount of of force generated by a muscle? And what is it for?

Answer 1

Size principle - for fine movement or gradation of movement

Question 2

Large myelinate nerve fiber that innervates extrafusal muscle fibers?

Answer 2

alpha motor neuron

Question 3

motor nerve fiber that innervates intrafusal muscle fiber?

Answer 3

gamma motor neuron

Question 4

small inhibitory cells that can cause lateral inhibition?

Answer 4

renshaw cell

Question 5

sensory receptor that is found in the belly and what does it do?

Answer 5

muscle spindle - changes in muscle length and rate of change in muscle length

Question 6

sensory receptor that can detect changes in TENsion? where is it located?

Answer 6

golgi tendon organ

Question 7

primary sensory ending is also called as is as _______

Answer 7

annulospiral or type 1a

Question 8

secondary sensory ending is also called as ________

Answer 8

flower spray. note: this nerve ending branches out and sometimes encircles the intrafusal fiber

Question 9

what type of muscle spindle do type 1a surrounds/encircles?

Answer 9

dynamic nuclear and static nuclear bag fiber

Question 10

large majority of muscle fibers that allow muscle to do work. innervated by what nerve fiber?

Answer 10

extrafusal - alpha motor

Question 11

what is the co-activation of gamma motor neuron for?

Answer 11

“keeps the muscle spindle from opposing the contraction” by how?

Question 12

Clinical correlation: in muscle jerk reflexes when the output from the CNS increases what happens to do reflex? is it strong or weak?

Answer 12

exaggerated/strong muscle refelx

Question 13

How does a golgi tendon reflex/organ act as a protective mechanism?

Answer 13

When tension in the muscle is too much it causes an instantaneous relaxation known as “lengthening rxn”

Question 14

pathway wherein nerve impulses travels?

Answer 14

reflex arc

Question 15

reflex whose arc passes through the SPINAL CORD?

Answer 15

spinal reflex

Question 16

reflex that involes 2 neurons ( 1 sensory and 1 motor).

Answer 16

monosynaptic

Question 17

region of cortex from which movement is elicited? its designated brodmanns area?

Answer 17

primary motor cortex - Brodmanns area 4

Question 18

origin of the corticospinal tract?

Answer 18

primary motor cortex

Question 19

What is the flexor-extensor rule?

Answer 19

motor neurons that innervate flexor muscles are located posteriorly to motor neurons that innervate extensor muscles

Question 20

What is a defining feature of the motor cortex?

Answer 20

giant pyramidal betz cell

Question 21

clinical relevance of babinski reflex?

Answer 21

hala bawal pala may blank

Question 22

mediates postural adjustments and head movements also helps in the maintenance of balance

Answer 22

vestibulospinal tract

Question 23

most primitive descending motor system?

Answer 23

reticulospinal tract

Question 24

Involved in the reflexive turning of the head to orient visual stimuli

Answer 24

tectospinal tract

Question 25

true or false. a patient is better when it exhibits decortication from a cerebrate posture?

Answer 25

false

Question 26

true or false. pontine reticulospinal tract exits ipsilaterally at specific levels of the spinal cord

Answer 26

false. it does exit ipsilaterally but at all spinal levels.

Question 27

What outweighs the function of the rubrospinal in humans?

Answer 27

corticospinal tract

Question 28

what is the basic force producing unit in a skeletal muscle

Answer 28

individual muscle fiber

Question 29

3 types of muscle spindle FIBER?

Answer 29

nuclear chain, nuclear bag (static and dynamic)