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parliament Flashcards

1
Q

parliament

A

elected representatives of society
major laws made
house of lords and house of commons

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2
Q

house of commons

A

elected by public
country divided into constituencies and each one votes for a member of parliament
general election every 5 years
by-elections are frequent as MP has to be elected if previous MP died/retired
government formed by political party
government have main say in which acts are passed

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3
Q

house of lords

A

non elected
before 1999:
1100 members - 750 hereditary peers, life peers, judges and bishops
after 1999:
90 hereditary peers
640 life peers
26 bishops
12 most senior judges - removed themselves and created supreme court

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4
Q

hereditary

A

inherited from family

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5
Q

life

A

done good in lifetime

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6
Q

pre-legislative procedure

A

minister responsible for department will draft ideas
may be published in a consultation document
anyone can comment on these ideas

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7
Q

green paper

A

published by minister involved and comments invited

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8
Q

white paper

A

published with firm proposals

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9
Q

what are green and white papers used for?

A

to stop knee jerk reactions like the dangerous dogs act 1991 which is a poorly written law

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10
Q

act is also known as…

A

…a statute

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11
Q

draft is also known as…

A

…a bill

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12
Q

private members bill

A

MP’s who aren’t ministers and can be from a political party

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13
Q

private members bill
introduce through:

A

ballot
10 min rule

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14
Q

ballot

A

20 MPs selected and can put forward their ideas
only debated on a friday so only first 6 or 7 people get heard

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15
Q

10 min rule

A

any MP can make a speech up to 10 minutes introducing their ideas
rarely successful unless there’s no opposition

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16
Q

exception to private members bill not being successful

A

abortion act 1967

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17
Q

parliamentary process
informal

A

green and white papers

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18
Q

parliamentary process
formal

A

first reading
second reading
committee stage
report stage
third reading
house of lords
royal assent

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19
Q

first reading

A

name and main aims read out

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20
Q

second reading

A

main debate
MP’s who wish to speak must catch the speakers eye
at the end a verbal vote is taken
if close formal vote - MP goes through yes/no door

21
Q

committee stage

A

16-50 MPs examine the bill
sit on standing committee and have special interest in the subject
for finance bills the whole house sits on the committee

22
Q

report stage

A

feedback to the house
amendments are made and debated on

23
Q

third reading

A

final vote
usually only a further debate if more than 6 MPs request it

24
Q

house of lords

A

goes through whole process again in H of L
if they wish to make amendments then it starts all over again in first house = parliamentary ping pong

25
royal assent 1967
last refused in 1707 bill becomes an act by midnight or the commencement day set
26
influences on parliament
law commission 1965 political influences EU law public opinion/media pressure groups
27
pressure groups sectional
represent the particular views of a section of society government may consult with them when new laws/reforms are made
28
sectional pressure groups examples
law society teachers union
29
pressure groups casual
promote a particular cause Greenpeace
30
casual pressure groups effects
may pressure government to change the law gay rights - reduced age of homosexual consent to 16 may cause government to reconsider passing laws justice and liberty successfully campaigned to stop the government restricting the right to trial by jury
31
lobbying
groups try to pressure individual MP’s if successful the MP will speak for them in parliament
32
pressure groups advantages
raise importance for the public raise important issues for the government
33
pressure groups disadvantages
may be seen as imposing their minority needs 2 pressure groups may have conflicting ideas
34
public opinion/media
government will bow to public pressure if it is just before a general election media brings public opinion to the attention of the government media may dramatize the situation
35
specific events forming the law positive
dunblane massacre 1996 - snowdrop campaign led to the banning of most handguns
36
specific events forming the law negative
dangerous dogs act 1991 government may respond too quickly very poorly written
37
political influences
parties publish their manifestos before elections to make their ideas for new laws and reforms clear kings speech details which acts they intend to pass in the year
38
political influences advantages
each party has an agenda ready before being elected so everything is planned and ready to go government has the majority so will get most laws passed, making the process efficient
39
political influences disadvantages
new government means that they may spend their time repealing or altering laws the previous government passed can be costly and time consuming
40
role of house of commons
democratically elected most bills start here all finance bills start here government have the majority so bills introduced here are often passed
41
role of house of lords
acts as a check and balance to H of C if H of L vote against something, it can alert H of C to potential problems some bills start here H of L limited by the parliament act 1911 - they can only delay a bill up to a year and a day 4 occasions where H of C has had to force a bill through - Hunting act 2004
42
parliamentary supremacy/sovereignty
1. parliament can legislate on anything - parliaments act 1911/1949 2. no parliament is bound by a past or future - statute of Westminster 1931 3. nobody has the right to override parliament - railways board v pickin 1974
43
limitations on parliamentary supremacy
EU - removed ourselves through Brexit Human rights act 1998 Devolution
44
human rights act 1998
s4 of HRA means that anyone can challenge a national law if it isn’t compatible with the HRA H v mental health tribunal 2001 challenged the mental health act 1985
45
devolution
Scotland Act 1998 and Wales act 1998 make laws on particular topics without having to consult Westminster theoretically possible to repeal but would be very unpopular after recent referendum in Scotland it is likely that more powers will be devolved
46
public bills
most bills are public affect either the whole country or large sections of it constitution reform act 2005 legal services act 1997
47
private bills
only a small number of bills affect individuals or corporations white haven harbor act 2007
48
hybrid bills
cross between private and public bills introduced by government but if they become a law they will only affect a particular person, organization or place cross rail act 2008

Law - non substantive (7 decks)

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