Parks, Protected Areas, And Forestry

Question 1

ecological integrity

Answer 1

means keeping ecosystems healthy and whole– a state where ecosystem biodiversity, structures and functions are unimpaired and likely to persist.

Question 2

national parks

Answer 2

• very restricted development in parks
• operated by the federal government
• run on the principle of ecological integrity
• reference point is what the environment was like BEFORE the humans were there

Question 3

provincial parks

Answer 3

• use a model of the three pillars of sustainable development: environment, social well-being, economic development
• human interests and resource development is as important as protecting the resource

Question 4

fragmented habitats

Answer 4

• create stress on the organisms
• they may want to move from one “island” to the next
• fragments restrict the population and mess with genetic diversity

Question 5

biosphere reserves

Answer 5

• zone of co-operation
• buffer zones
• corridors
• core areas

Question 6

minimum viable population (mvp)

Answer 6

estimated smallest population that can maintain itself and its genetic variability indefinitely

Question 7

wildlife corridors

Answer 7

underground and above ground passages/corridors for the wildlife to move from “island” to “island”

Question 8

core areas

Answer 8

area where natural processes are allowed to continue with as little development impact as possible and explore multiple ways to integrate with the neighbouring working landscapes

Question 9

zone of cooperation

Answer 9

resources are utilized and managed in a sustainable manner in ways that support the conservation objectives of the protected and working landscapes

Question 10

conservation

Answer 10

humans and society are in that environment (within the limits of the environment). restrictions are still in place. (provincial parks)

Question 11

preservation

Answer 11

goal is to maintain the area the way that it was before humans came into the area. (national park)

Question 12

forest ecosystem

Answer 12

-a plant community dominated by trees and other woody plants as well as shrubs, forbs, and grasses divided into vertical layers: canopy, shrub, forest floor

• types of trees vary to climate
• types of forests determine the types of soil that you’re going to have
• also huge in dealing with carbon and the way that water flows

Question 13

stresses to Canada’s forests

Answer 13

• logging
• mining
• hydroelectric development
• climate change
• acid precipitation

Question 14

second(ary) growth

Answer 14

regenerating forest after natural disturbances or forestry operations (10-50-100 years)

• trees more closely spaced
• more vegetation on forest floor b/c of the succesonal stage of the forest
• less biodiversity than old growth due to presence of one canopy layer and fewer ecological niches

Question 15

old growth

Answer 15

has attained at least 100-500 years
-unique biological features maintain certain species.
large live trees
large dead trees (snags)
large logs on forest floor
-multiple vertical layers representing different tree species in some cases
-tremendous number of ecological niches to support biodiversity

Question 16

selective cutting

Answer 16

• UNEVEN-AGED FOREST is maintained
• trees are cut singly or in small clumps
• forest regenerates naturally, with young trees and seedlings benefiting from the protection of existing trees
• most valuable harvested, or a specific size or quality

Question 17

clear-cutting

Answer 17

an entire strand of trees is harvested from an area at one time in blocks.

• EVEN-AGED STRUCTURE
• highly fragmented landscape
• nothing holds the soils in place anymore
• doesn’t recover on its own

Question 18

FSC Certification

Answer 18

highest level of certification

-promotes biodiversity and reduces the amount of harm on the environment