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Braddom Set 5 > Parkinsons Dse > Flashcards

Parkinsons Dse Flashcards

0
Q

Is characterized by the pathologic degeneration of brainstem nuclei, usually dopaminergic cells of substantia nigra. It is also due to hyperactivity of the cholinergic neurons in the caudate nucles

A

Parkinsons dse

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1
Q

Most common presenting symptoms of PD

A

Resting tremor

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2
Q

Pill rolling tremor, how many Hz

A

3-5hz

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3
Q

Smooth resistance to passive movement that is independent of velocity

A

Lead pipe rigidity

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4
Q

Ratcheting through the ROM

A

Cogweel rigidity

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5
Q

Slumped over and forward with protracted shoulders and flexed hips and knees, what posture is this?

A

Simian posture

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6
Q

Slowness of motion

A

Bradykinesia

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7
Q

Bradykinesia affecting facial expression is termed as?

A

Masked fascies (hypomimia)

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8
Q

Most important risk factor associated with death for PD patients

A

Dysphagia

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9
Q

Describe the speech of PD patients

A

Rapid and monotonous and have a low volume with poor articulation and inappropriate periods of silence

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10
Q

What is the term for the hand writing of PD patients described as small and crampled

A

Micrographia

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11
Q

Autonomic dysfx of PD patients

A 
Increase salivation
Drooling
Orthostasis
Increased perspiration
Constipation
Hyperreflexic bladder with incontinence
Dysphagia
Erectile dysfx
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12
Q

Differential diagnosis of PD

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy
Shy dragger syndrome
Multisystem degeneration

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13
Q

Has early vertical eye movement abnoramlities

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy

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14
Q

Has early autonomic failure

A

Shy dragger syndrome

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15
Q

Has babinski sign, ataxia, and peripheral neuropathy

A

Multisystem degeneration

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16
Q

Positive prognosticating factor for PD

A

Rigidity
Early tremor
Family history

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17
Q

Negative prognosticating factor for PD

A 
Bradykinesia
Postural instability
Gait dysfunction
Cognitive deficits
Late age of onset
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18
Q

Keystone of parkinson disease treatment; dopamine replacement

A

Levadopa

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19
Q

Levadopa is typically administered with a peripheral decarboxilase inhibor such as?

A

Carbidopa

20
Q

Adverse effect of levadopa

A

Motor fluctuations - inc. tremor and bradykinesia at end dose cycle. Commonly in younger patients
Dyskinesias- chorea, painful dystonia, and myoclonus
Psychiatric symptoms- florid psychosis

21
Q

Dopamine agonist such as:

A

Pergolide
Pramipexole
Ropinerole

22
Q

Adverse effects of dopamine agonist

A

Nausea
Vommiting
Orthostatic hypotension
Psychiatric symptoms

23
Q

Progressive, adult onset AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT disorder that is associated with cell loss with in a specific subset of neurons in the caudate nucleus and putamen; diagnosed at 3rd to 4th decade of life, life expectancy after diagnosis is 20 years

A

Huntington disease

24
Q

Cardinal features of huntington:

A

Involuntary movements
Dementia
Behavioral changes

25
Q

Most primary cause of mortality in huntington disease

A

Pneuomonia and cardiovascular problems

26
Q

Hallmark of huntington dse

A

Chorea,excessive,abrupt,irregular spontaneous voluntary movements

27
Q

Most common psychologic dysfunction encountered, with mania, psychotic personality and obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Depression

28
Q

Medical treatment for huntington dse

A

Xenazine

29
Q

Most common hereditary ataxia

A

Friedrich ataxia

30
Q

Other neurodegenerative processes that have ataxia as predominant feature

A

Wilsons dse
Refsum dse
Spinocerebellar dse

31
Q

An AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE PROGRESSIVE disorder with the presentation of limb and gait ataxia with diminished muscle stretch reflexes, joint position, and vibratory appreciation

A

Friedrich ataxia

32
Q

Hereditary spastic paraparesis is aka?

A

Familial spastic paraplegia or strumpell-Lorrain syndrome

33
Q

Cardinal features of spastic hereditary paraparesis

A

Asymmetric lower limb spastic paraparesis and extensor plantar response

34
Q

Onset of hereditary spastic paraparesis

A

Weakness of tibialis anterior, hamstrings, and iliopsoas muscle
Hypertonicity, spasticty, and hyperreflexia can occur s weakness
Leg stiffness and spasm that occur more commonly at night, after exertion or in cold weather

35
Q

Uncomplicated spastic paraparesis only type

A

Age of onset before 35 years

36
Q

Complicated paraparesis plus other neurologic findings

A

Age of onset is after 35 years

37
Q

3 classifications according to mode of inheritance

A

Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
X linked

38
Q

Characterized by muscle contraction resulting to twisting, turning, and posturing

A

Dystonia

39
Q

Drug of choice for generalized dystonia

A

Baclofen and clonazepam

40
Q

Dystonia affecting two or more adjacent body parts of the body

A

Segmental dystonia

41
Q

Most common dystonia

A

Cervical dystonia

42
Q

Blepharospasm is treated by?

A

Botulinium toxin

43
Q

It is a constellation of symptoms including tic disorders and comorbin

A

Tourette syndrome

44
Q

4 diagnostic criteria for tourette syndrome

A
  1. both multiple and one or move vocal tics must be present at som time during the illness
  2. tics occur many times a day over more than 1 year, during which there must not have been a tic free period of more than 3 consecutive months
  3. age of onset is younger than 18
  4. Disturbance is not caused by direct physiologic effects of a substance or general medical conditions
45
Q

Defined as involuntary, sudden, repetitive, rapid, non rhytmic, stereotyped movements or vocalizations

A

Tics

46
Q

Hallmark feature of tourette

A

Tics

47
Q

Category of tics

A

Simplex
Complex
Motor
Phonic

Braddom Set 5 (1 decks)

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