Parkinsons disease Flashcards
what are the three features of parkinsons disease
bradykinesia
rigidity
tremor
describe the tremor seen in parkinsons disease
pillrolling (crotchets!)
worse at rest
describe the bradykinesia seen in parkinsons
slow to initiate movements
expressionless face
actions slow and decrease in amplitude with repetition
describe the features of an essential tremor
NOT present at rest
semiquavers
what causes parkinsons disease
loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, associated with lewy bodies in the basal ganglia, brain stem and cortex
what are three neuropsychiatric complications of parkinsons
depressoin
dementia
psychosis
what are some autonomic dysfunctions associated with parkinsons
postural hypotension
constipation
urinary frequency
dribbing of saliva
what are the first line treatments for Parkinsons disease
if motor symptoms are affecting the patient’s quality of life: Levodopa
if motor symptoms are NOT affecting the patients quality of life: MOA-B inhibitor, dopamine agonist
give three dopamine agonists
ropinirole
pramipexole
bromocriotptine
give some side effects of levodopa
dyskinesia, painful dystonia hypotension dry mouth hallucinations/psychosis/nausea/vomiting
give some side effects of dopamine agonists
impulse control disorders
excessive daytime somnolence
what type of drugs can cause neuroleptic parkinsonism
neuroleptic drugs for schizophrenia + other psychotic disorders that BLOCK dopamine
