Parkinsons Disease Flashcards
Parkinsons disease
progressive, neurodegenerative disease in the basal ganglia where the substantial nigra becomes depigmented, affecting the production of dopamine.
Basal ganglia
grey matter that contributes to complex movements
dopamine
neurotransmitter taht influences the speed and accuracy of motor skills, postural stability, cog, affect, and expression
primary symptoms
resting tremor
muscle rigidity
bradykinesia
postural instability
bradykinesia
freezing
secondary symptoms
gain dysfunction (festinating, shuffling, nor arm swing)
FM and bimanual impairment
freezing or overshooting (dysmetria)
cog deficits in later stages
Micrographia
Hyponoia
flat affect
infreq eye blinking
sensory loss
dysphagia
mood/behavior
Stage 1
unilateral tremor
rigidity
bradukinesia
able to complete ADLs
fatigue
Stage 2
bilateral disturbances
continued tremors accompanied with rigidity
decreased ex fx
Stage 3
ADL changes
decreased balance and righting reactions due to postural instability
mild-mod impair in fx
fall risk
continued difficulty with sequencing
Stage 4
requires help with ADLS
can’t live alone
decreased mobility
decreased FM
decrease in postural stability
decrease in fx
Stage 5
totally dep for mobility and ADL
w/c or bed bound
Toileting
raised seat
3:1 commode
grab bars
BSC
Bathing
long handled (soap on a rope)
bath mitts
grab bars
handheld shower
no slip bath mats
sliding doors should be replaced with curtains
grooming
electric appliances
hands free appliances
function brushes
sold holders
seated grooming
dressing
front fasteners
velcro
elastic shoe laces
elastic waist bands
zipper pulls
sit and use long handled equipment
wear rubber soled shoes
flat leather shoes
clothing one size larger
