Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nayla Foundations Exam 4 > Parkinsons > Flashcards

Parkinsons Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classic Sx of PD

A

Resting tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are other Sx of PD

A 
Gait disturbance
Micrographia
Hypomimia (masked facies) 
Anosmia
Depression
Freezing
Hypophonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Atypical PD

A

Early speech and gait impairment
NO resting tremor
NOT relieved by L-dopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Secondary PD

A

d/t drugs (dopamine blockers), stroke, tumor, infection, Wilson’s or Huntington disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the theory behind PD

A

Gene mutation + toxic environmental factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who is PD most common in

A

Men

>60 y/o (increases w/ age, but can happen in younger too)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are common RF for PD

A

1st degree relative has it
Pesticide exposure
high dairy consumption
+/- depression and constipation (RF or early Sx?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is “Parkinsonism”

A

Bradykinesia + Tremor and/or rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PD is characterized pathologically by

A

Decrease in dopaminergic neurons in Substantia Nigra (causing paired masses of grey matter w/in white matter of cerebral hemispheres)
+/- Lewy Bodies (contain alpha synuclein proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you diagnose PD

A

Clinically** Resting tremor + Asymmetry + Response to L-dopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What other diagnostic tests can be done for PD

A 
Brain MRI (r/o stroke) 
DaT scan/ PET/ advanced MRI (visualize dopamine system in brain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What areas of the brain are involved in PD (dopamine)

A

Basal ganglia; Thalamus communicates with motor cortex

Dopamine involved in Direct and indirect pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When should you start treatment of PD

A

When Sx affect dominant hand
Sx interfere w/ ADL
bradykinesia/gait disturbances are severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the gold standard for PD treatment

A

L-Dopa (most effective for bradykinesya, tremor, and rigidity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why isnt L-Dopa used first line

A

It loses effectiveness after a few years
Wearing off effect
Delayed on effect
peal-dose dyskinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can you take with L-Dopa to increase BBB crossing

A

Carbidopa; a decarboxylase inhibitor

17
Q

What is the real first line Tx to PD

A

Dopamine Agonists (Bromocri[tine and Pramipexole) used as monotherapy to delay eventual need for L-Dopa

18
Q

What are S/E of Dopamine Agonists

A

Impulse control (gambling, sexual behavior, hallucinations, vivid dreams)

19
Q

What are MAO-B inhibitors good for

A

reducing “off” time

They block central dopamine metabolism (Rasagaline, Selegiline)

20
Q

What are COMT-Inhibitors good for

A

reducing “off” and prolonging “on” time

(tolcapone, entacapone)- prevent conversion of L-Dopa to inactive form

21
Q

What are S/E of COMT inhibitors

A

N/V
Dyskinesia
discolored urine
Diarrhea

22
Q

What are anti-cholinergics good for

A

Benztropine- used for tremors

23
Q

Who is Amantadine used in

A

Young with mild PD

Older with severe dyskinesia

24
Q

What is Amantadine

A

an antiviral (flu) that also increases dopamine release

25
Q

What surgical Tx is available for PD

A

Deep brain stimulation; it interrupts the abnormal signal associated with PD by targeting STN (subthalamic nucleus) or GPi (globua pallidus interna)

26
Q

What does DBS not help with

A

freezing
falling
dementia

27
Q

What can be used to Tx Sx of Depression, anxiety, or panic attacks

A

Anti-depressants

28
Q

What can be used to Tx Sx of Psychosis

A

atypical neuroleptics (Pimavanserin)

29
Q

What can be used to Tx Sx of orthostatic hypotension

A

Add salt to diet, elevate head of bed

30
Q

What can be used to Tx sexual dysfunction

A

Sildenafil

31
Q

What can be used to Tx Sx of constipation

A

Hydration
diet change
laxative
enema

32
Q

What can be used to Tx Sx of sleep disturbance

A

Clonazepam (AED)

33
Q

What can be used to Tx Sx of gait disturbance

A

cane or walker

34
Q

What must you never forget in a patient with PD

A

The caregiver; this dz is very hard on them so try to offer services

Nayla Foundations Exam 4 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions