Parkinson's Disease Flashcards
What is Parkinson’s disease?
Neurodegenerative disease that arises due to dopaminergic neurone loss in the brain
Which part of the brain does dopaminergic loss occur in Parkinson’s disease?
Substantia nigra pars compacta
Is Parkinson’s disease typically a cerebellar, pyramidal tract or extra-pyramidal tract problem?
Extra-pyramidal
List the triad of the “Parkinsonian syndrome”
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Resting tremor
List clinical motor features of Parkinson’s disease
Resting tremor Muscle rigidity +/- cogwheeling Bradykinesia Gait Postural impairment
Tremor-dependent Parkinson’s disease carries better prognosis than tremor-independent Parkinson’s disease. True/False?
True
List clinical non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease
Olfactory dysfunction Cognitive impairment Psychiatric symptoms Sleep problems Pain and fatigue
Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease occurs with the onset of motor symptoms. True/False?
True
What is the pathological name given to the mis-folded protein aggregates that accumulate in the brain to cause Parkinson’s disease?
Lewy bodies and neurites
Parkinson’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease. True/False?
False
2nd most common after Alzheimer’s disease
Which gene mutations are the most common causes of dominant and recessive Parkinson’s disease respectfully?
LRRK2 (dominant)
parkin (recessive)
There are no neuroprotective/disease-modifying drugs for Parkinson’s disease. True/False?
True
Symptomatic treatment for Parkinson’s disease aims to increase dopamine concn or stimulate dopamine receptors. List some drugs that can be used
Levodopa
Selegelline
Tolcapone
Which agents can be useful for tremor in Parkinson’s disease?
Clozapine
Anticholinergics
List side effects of levodopa and dopamine agonists
Nausea Daytime somnolence Oedema Impulse control disorders Hallucinations
