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Med-Surg NU 207 spring 2015 > Parkinson's Disease > Flashcards

Parkinson's Disease Flashcards

1
Q

define Parkinson’s disease

A

depigmentation of the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia and loss of neurons

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2
Q

In Parkinson’s, there is a depletion of what in the body?

A

dopamine

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3
Q

S&S associated with Parkinson’s Disease

A

TRIAD: Tremors, Rigidity, Bradykinesia

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4
Q

Word for small writing

A

micrographia

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5
Q

With Parkinson’s, pt has what kind of gait and problem with balance?

A

shuffling gait, and an increased risk of falls

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6
Q

Tremors in Parkinson’s occur when?

A

tremors occur at rest

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7
Q

When do the tremors cease in a person who has Parkinson’s?

A

disappear with purposeful movement

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8
Q

What in particular does the patient with Parkinson’s do with their fingers?

A

“Pill rolling”

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9
Q

Rigidity in the TRIAD (tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia) associated with Parkinson’s, involves what two movements?

A

unmoving (resistance to passive movement) and cogwheeling (jerks movement)

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10
Q

What does festination mean?

A

shuffling gait

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11
Q

In Parkinson’s, the patient experiences the loss of what type of movement?

A

automatic movement

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12
Q

In bradykinesia associated with Parkinson’s, what test might the MD perform in regards to stability?

A

“Pull test”

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13
Q

What kind of posture does the patient with Parkinson’s have?

A

stooped

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14
Q

Name 5 characteristics that fall under bradykinesia

A 
Loss of automatic movements
mask-like face
drooling
stooped posture
shuffling gait (festination)
Postural instability
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15
Q

Give the name for the meaning:involuntary movements

A

dyskinesias

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16
Q

what is the word for “total immobility”

A

akinesia

17
Q

Give 4 complications associated with PD

A

Dyskinesia (involuntary movement)
Akinesia: total immobility
neurocognitive disorder (dementia)
psychiatric px

18
Q

Drugs that fall under dopamine precursors

A

Levodopa

Levodopa & carbidopa (Sinemet)

19
Q

Which drug in PD do we give in high doses until the nausea/vomiting mechanism is given signaling a therapeutic level and is lowered for treatment?

A

carbidopa (Sinemet)

20
Q

Name the drugs that fall under dopamine receptor agonist (3)

A

bromocriptine (Parlodel)
pramipexole (Mirapex)
ropinirole (Requip)

21
Q

Give the 2 drugs that go under dopamine agonists

A

amantadine (Symmetrel)

apomorphine (Apokyn)

22
Q

Drug given to pt with PD that helps with hypomobility

A

apomorphine (Apokyn)

23
Q

Anticholinergic drug given in PD

A

benzotropine (Cogentin)

24
Q

Antihistamine given to pt with PD

A

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

25
Q

Two Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAO-I) give in PD

A

selegiline (Eldepryl)

rasagiline (Azilect)

26
Q

What food chemical cannot be give with MAO-I and what does it cause?

A

tyramine (amino acid)=aged food because it causes brain damage

27
Q

COMT Inhibitors give to pts with PD

A

entacapone (Comtan)

tolcapone (Tasmar)

28
Q

What teaching must be given to patients associated with their medications?

A

MUST take meds at the same time qday

29
Q

Name the 3 surgical managements that may be done with a PD pt

A

Deep brain stimulation
Ablation
Transplantation

30
Q

What is transplanted in a surgical management for the pt with PD? Whats the problem with this procedure?

A

fetal neural tissue (its experimental)

31
Q

What is performed in the deep brain stimulation?What is it similar to?

A

delivery of an electrical current to control S&S

similar to pacemaker

32
Q

What is the most common procedure to perform for surgical management for a pt with PD?

A

deep brain stimulation

33
Q

In Ablation (surgical management) what three things may be performed for the PD pt?What does each procedure do?

A 
Thalamotomy (reduces tremors creating scar tissue)
Pallidotomy (improves stiffness)
Subthalmic nucleotomy (decreases symptoms)
34
Q

Which procedure with the ablation surgical management must be precise due to the possible damage to this nerve?

A

Pallidotomy due to that it is very close to the optic nerve

Med-Surg NU 207 spring 2015 (6 decks)

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