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Neurological Disorders > Parkinson's > Flashcards

Parkinson's Flashcards

1
Q

Levodopa - Brand Names

A

L-Dopa, L Doram C, Neurastoz

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2
Q

Levodopa - Dosages

A

Often combined with carbidopa or benserazide. Available in various dosages including 25/100, 25/250, and sustained release formulation.

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3
Q

Levodopa - Indications

A

Primary treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Addresses rigidity, akinesia, flat face, and gait issues.

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4
Q

Levodopa - Dosing

A

Starts with low doses and gradually increases. Often taken multiple times per day, typically with a meal or snack.

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5
Q

Levodopa - Adverse Effects

A

Nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, dyskinesia, motor fluctuations, psychosis, hallucinations, and urine discoloration.

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6
Q

Levodopa - Tips

A

Administer with meals to decrease GI upset. Avoid high-protein foods and antacids close to dosing time.

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7
Q

Carbidopa - Brand Names

A

Often combined with levodopa.

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8
Q

Carbidopa - Dosages

A

Available in combinations such as 25mg/100mg or 25mg/250mg with levodopa.

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9
Q

Carbidopa - Indications

A

Inhibits peripheral decarboxylase to reduce levodopa’s peripheral side effects and increase its brain availability.

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10
Q

Carbidopa - Dosing

A

Given in combination with levodopa.

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11
Q

Carbidopa - Adverse Effects

A

Minimal side effects unless used at high doses, such as inhibition of cerebral decarboxylase.

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12
Q

Carbidopa - Tips

A

Typically given with levodopa. More potent than benserazide.

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13
Q

Benserazide - Brand Names

A

Often combined with levodopa as Madopar.

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14
Q

Benserazide - Dosages

A

25 & 50

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15
Q

Benserazide - Indications

A

Inhibits peripheral decarboxylase to reduce levodopa’s peripheral side effects.

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16
Q

Benserazide - Dosing

A

Given in combination with levodopa.

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17
Q

Benserazide - Adverse Effects

A

Generally minimal side effects.

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18
Q

Benserazide - Tips

A

Typically given with levodopa. Less potent than carbidopa.

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19
Q

Selegiline - Brand Names

A

Deprenyl, Eldepryl.

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20
Q

Selegiline - Dosages

A

5 mg tablets.

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21
Q

Selegiline - Indications

A

MAO-B inhibitor used in Parkinson’s disease. Reduces levodopa breakdown and has neuroprotective effects.

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22
Q

Selegiline - Dosing

A

5-10 mg daily, best taken in the morning or midday to avoid insomnia.

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23
Q

Selegiline - Adverse Effects

A

Insomnia.

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24
Q

Selegiline - Tips

A

Mild effect when used alone but enhances levodopa effects.

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25
Q

Entacapone - Brand Names

A

Comtan. Available in combination with levodopa and carbidopa as Stalevo.

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26
Q

Entacapone - Dosages

A

200 mg.

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27
Q

Entacapone - Indications

A

COMT inhibitor, used to reduce the metabolism of levodopa in the periphery.

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28
Q

Entacapone - Dosing

A

Taken with each dose of levodopa.

29
Q

Entacapone - Adverse Effects

A

Diarrhea, blood disorders, and liver issues.

30
Q

Entacapone - Tips

A

Should be used in conjunction with levodopa. Dose of Levodopa should be reduced by 30% when starting entacapone.

31
Q

Tolcapone - Dosages

A

Available in 100 mg and 200 mg tablets.

32
Q

Tolcapone - Indications

A

COMT inhibitor that works both peripherally and centrally.

33
Q

Tolcapone - Dosing

A

Taken with each dose of levodopa.

34
Q

Tolcapone - Adverse Effects

A

Diarrhea, blood disorders, liver issues, and risk of acute liver failure.

35
Q

Tolcapone - Tips

A

Longer half-life and stronger effect than entacapone. Use with caution due to liver damage risk.

36
Q

Pramipexole - Brand Names

A

Sifrol, Sifrol ER.

37
Q

Pramipexole - Dosages

A

Available in base and salt forms (e.g., 0.25 mg base = 0.7 mg salt). Extended release versions are available. Usual dose ranges from 1.5 to 4.5 mg per day.

38
Q

Pramipexole - Indications

A

D2 selective dopamine agonist for Parkinson’s disease. Used as monotherapy for mild disease and affects affective symptoms.

39
Q

Pramipexole - Dosing

A

Starts at 1.5 mg daily and increases every two weeks to a maximum of 4.5 mg.

40
Q

Pramipexole - Adverse Effects

A

Nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, psychosis, sudden sleep attacks, and compulsive behaviors.

41
Q

Pramipexole - Tips

A

Caution advised with driving. Renally excreted, use with caution in patients with kidney disease.

42
Q

Ropinirole - Brand Names

A

Requip, Ralnea XL.

43
Q

Ropinirole - Dosages

A

Available in 0.25 mg and 1 mg tablets, with extended release versions available. Typical dose is 3-24 mg per day.

44
Q

Ropinirole - Indications

A

D2 dopamine agonist used in Parkinson’s disease.

45
Q

Ropinirole - Adverse Effects

A

Nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, psychosis, sudden sleep attacks, and compulsive behaviors.

46
Q

Ropinirole - Tips

A

Hepatically metabolized, may be useful in patients who cannot tolerate pramipexole.

47
Q

Amantadine - Dosages

A

100 mg and 300 mg capsules.

48
Q

Amantadine - Indications

A

Antiviral drug used to treat dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease. Has anticholinergic properties and may affect dopamine reuptake.

49
Q

Amantadine - Dosing

A

100 to 300 mg per day.

50
Q

Amantadine - Adverse Effects

A

Livedo reticularis, peripheral edema, hallucinations, psychosis, urinary retention, and dry mouth.

51
Q

Amantadine - Tips

A

Tolerance to its effects can develop. Use with caution in elderly patients due to anticholinergic effects.

52
Q

Trihexyphenidyl - Brand Names

A

Artane.

53
Q

Trihexyphenidyl - Indications

A

Anticholinergic, mainly used for tremor in Parkinson’s disease.

54
Q

Trihexyphenidyl - Adverse Effects

A

Confusion, hallucinations, dry mouth, and urinary retention.

55
Q

Trihexyphenidyl - Tips

A

Not recommended for elderly patients.

56
Q

Biperiden - Indications

A

Anticholinergic, mainly used for tremor in Parkinson’s disease.

57
Q

Biperiden - Adverse Effects

A

Confusion, hallucinations, dry mouth, and urinary retention.

58
Q

Biperiden - Tips

A

Not recommended for elderly patients.

59
Q

Diphenhydramine - Indications

A

Anticholinergic, can be used for drug-induced parkinsonism.

60
Q

Pimozide - Brand Names

A

Orap, Orap forte.

61
Q

Pimozide - Dosages

A

2 mg and 4 mg tablets.

62
Q

Pimozide - Indications

A

Antidopaminergic drug used for tics, including Tourette’s syndrome.

63
Q

Haloperidol - Indications

A

Antidopaminergic medication. Not used in Parkinson’s, but can be used for chorea in Huntington’s disease.

64
Q

Clozapine - Indications

A

Atypical antipsychotic used to treat psychosis associated with Parkinson’s disease.

65
Q

Clozapine - Tips

A

Works through a mechanism different from dopamine pathways.

66
Q

Quetiapine - Indications

A

Atypical antipsychotic used to treat psychosis associated with Parkinson’s disease.

67
Q

Quetiapine - Tips

A

Works through a mechanism different from dopamine pathways.

68
Q

Tetrabenazine - Indications

A

Depletes dopamine stores in the nerve terminal, used to treat Huntington’s disease.

69
Q

Tetrabenazine - Adverse Effects

A

Extra pyramidal symptoms may develop.

Neurological Disorders (1 decks)

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