Parenterals Flashcards
What are the 3 types of parenteral administration?
- Intravenous
- Intramuscular
- Subcutaneous
What type of formulations are mainly used for IV?
- Aqueous
- Oil in water
Why aren’t water in oil or suspensions used for IV?
- Drug particles can block the capillaries and cause a fat embolism
Where are subcutaneous injetctions injected into?
The fatty tissue just beneath the dermis
Where on the body are SC injections applied to?
- Outer arm
- Anterior thigh
- Lower abdomen
What are the advantages of intravenous injections?
- 100% Bioavailability
- Rapid predictable response
- Rapid dilution
- Useful if other routes of administration are not available
What are the disadvantages of intravenous injections?
- Potential infection risk
- Strict aseptic technique required for administration
- Patients associate with pain
- Inconvinient and restrictive
- Difficult to self administer
- Expensive
What are the advantages of subcutaneous injections?
- Considered more patient friendly than IV
- Useful if other routes of administration are not available
- Patients can be taught to self inject
- Formulations can be made as suspensions
What are the disadvantages of subcutaneous injections?
- Not 100% bioavailability
- Response not always predictable
- Sterile technique required for administration
- Patients associate with pain
- Inconvinient and restrictive
- Expensive
Where are intramuscular drugs injected into?
Below the epidermis, dermis and subcuaneous tissue
Where in the body are intramuscular injections applied to?
Upper arm, thigh or buttock
What type of formulations are intramuscular injections
- Aqueous based or suspensions
- Oily based solutions or suspensions
What are the advantages of intramuscular injections?
- more patient friendly than iv
- Rapid absorption
- Good for drugs that are irritating to the sc tissue
- Larger volumes than sc
- Formulations can be made as suspensions
What are the disadvantages of intramuscular injections?
- Potential risk of infection
- Sterile aseptic technique required
- Patients associate with pain
- Inconvinient and restrictive
- Expensive
