parcial ns and rs Flashcards
What are the main parts of a neuron?
- Dendrites
- Body (soma)
- Axon
- Myelin Sheath
- Axon terminals
Each part has a specific function in transmitting signals.
What does the dendrites do?
Receives the info
Dendrites are the branched projections of a neuron.
What is the function of the body (soma) of a neuron?
Processes the info
The soma contains the nucleus and organelles.
What role does the axon play in a neuron?
Conducts the signals
The axon transmits electrical impulses away from the soma.
What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?
Protects the axon while it conducts the signals
Myelin sheath increases the speed of signal transmission.
Where do axon terminals transmit signals?
Into a tissue (muscle, etc)
Axon terminals are the endpoints of an axon.
What does the central nervous system include?
Brain and spinal cord
The central nervous system controls the body.
What are the main parts of the brain?
- Cerebrum
- Brain Stem
- Cerebellum
Each part has distinct functions.
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Focuses on personality, movement, speech and language
It is part of the cerebrum.
What does the parietal lobe process?
Anything physical (pain, touch, pressure, taste)
It integrates sensory information.
What is the primary function of the temporal lobe?
Hearing and listening
It is also involved in memory processing.
What does the brain stem connect?
The brain with the spinal cord
It regulates basic life functions.
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Focuses on vision
It also coordinates voluntary movements.
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
All the nerves plus the spinal cord
It sends signals for stimuli.
What does the somatic nervous system control?
Skeletal muscle (everything that you can control)
It is part of the peripheral nervous system.
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
Internal organs (everything that you can’t control)
It regulates involuntary physiological functions.
What happens in the parasympathetic division?
Body relaxes and digestion occurs
It is responsible for ‘rest and digest’ activities.
What is the sympathetic division responsible for?
Prepares the body to fight (stress response)
It increases heart rate and sweating.
What is the reflex arc?
The neural pathway that controls reflexes
Signals do not pass directly into the brain.
What are common signs of anxiety?
- Increased heart rate
- Trouble concentrating
- Sensing panic or doom
Anxiety can stem from various factors.
What is depression?
Mood disorder that causes persistent sadness and loss of interest
It affects emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being.
What are the main functions of the respiratory system?
- Brings oxygen in (O2)
- Eliminates carbon dioxide (CO2)
It supports cellular respiration.
What does ventilation refer to?
Movement of air in and out of the lung
It is the first step in respiration.
What organs are part of the upper respiratory tract?
- Nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Epiglottis
These structures are involved in air passage.
