Parcial I Flashcards
Describe Global Poverty and Inequality
o Affects 80% of countries
80/20 Rule – 200 países, solo 40 no son afectados
750 millones sin agua potable
805 millones sin comida suficiente
Más de 1.3 billones en extrema pobreza
* Menos de 1.25 US al día
¼ de los humanos, 1.6 billones, viven sin electricidad
Nearly ½ the la población (más de 3 billones) viven de menos de 2.50 USD al día
Hemisferio sur es pobre y hemisferio norte es rico.
Describe Power of transnational corporations y da ejemplos de algunas
o Pocas empresas dominan el mundo
o Google, Apple, Mcdonalds, Amazon, Facebook
Diferencia entre calentamiento global y cambio climático:
- No es lo mismo que el calentamiento global porque este es consecuencia del cambio climático
5 ejemplos de impacto social y económico del cambio climático
The cost of adapting coastal areas to rising sea levels
Loss of capacity to work due to heat
More wars to gain access to limited resources
Fresh water will be in short supply in some areas
Relocation of whole towns
Shrinking productivity of harvests
Prices of basic foodstuffs and consumer goods will rise
Extreme meteorological phenomena
Diseases will spread due to higher temperatures
Año de inicio de Arab Spring
2010
Tres elementos de World Tension
nuclear threats, arms build-up, terrorism
Definición de globalization
A worldwide movement toward economic, financial, communications and trade integration.
Las 3 críticas a la globalización
Threats to national sovereignty
Negative costs of economic growth
Increasing income inequality
Qué es Offshoring
the transferring of production to foreign sites
5 costos del crecimiento
Inflation
Current account deficit: países han tenido que importar más de lo que exportan
Pollution
Congestion
Disease of affluence
Inequality
Use of non-renewable resources
Qué es el proctectionism
Any action taken by a country whereby the price of domestic goods become more favourable relative to imported goods. trade barriers to protect domestic producers
Quiénes comprenden al bloque BRICS
Brazil, Russia, India, China*, South Africa
Quiénes comprenden MINT
- Mexico, 2. Indonesia, 4. Nigeria, 3. Turkey
Definición de geopolítica
The study of the correlation between the geographic space and the countries politics (Tanguy de Wilde)
Swedish geographer creator of Geopolitics
Rudolf Kjellen
In “The State as a Living Organism” (1916) stated Geopolitics is a doctrine of the State considered as a living geographical organism or a spatial phenomenon”
Rudolf Kjellen
NATURE OF GEOPOLITICS
Belongs to both, political science and political geography, part of them but a more dynamic science
The study of the environments, places and spaces of Earth’s surface and their interactions. It seeks to answer the questions of why things are as they are, and where they are. It is the mother science of Geopolitics.
Geography
Social science that analyzes and describes the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth. Natural resources, especially those that most influence the factors of power (oil, gas, gols, water, etc.) are of particular interest and analysis of economics to project economic growth.
- Economics
It studies the rational, abstract, and methodical consideration of reality, or of fundamental dimensions of human existence and experience.
Philosophy
Related to geopolitics, since geopolitics studies the geographical factors that influence military strategy
Military
The study of the relations of states with each other and with international organizations and certain subnational entities.
International relations
Science that studies human societies, their interactions and the processes that preserve and change them by examining the dynamics of constituent parts of societies ( institutions, communities, populations and gender, racial or age groups)
Sociology
Discipline that studies the chronological record of events (as affecting a nation or people), based on a critical examination of source materials and usually presenting an explanation of their causes
History
Studies the population dynamics of countries at the national and international levels, as well as all related demographic phenomena, such as fertility, birth rate, urbanization, mobility, migration (immigration and emigration), population density, mortality
Demography
Studies political events in relation to geographical factors and their impact on states.
Political geography
Qué figura es la tierra y cuál es su superficie
a geoid of 510 million sq km
Diámetro de la tierra
13,000 km
Porcentaje de tierra
29%
Porcentaje de aguas
71%
Marine waters
(97%)
continental waters
(3%)
Tres tipos de clima
o Warm (equatorial, tropical [dry and rainy], and dessert)
o Temperate (mediterranean, subtropical, oceanic, continental)
o Cold (polar and mountainous)
Slow growth de población
from the origins of man until de 18th century
Fast growth de población
from the 19th century to the 21st century
Número de habitantes en Paleolithic period
8 million
Número de habitantes en 1st century A.D
200 million
Habitantes en 10th century / Middle Ages
310 million
Habitantes 18th century: (1750s):
800 million
Habitantes en 19th century: (1959s) y por qué
Scientific advance, agricultural improvements /// 1,300 million
Habitantes 20th century (postwar)
Doubled in 40 years: from 3,000 million (1960) to 6,000 million (2000); and 7,000 million in 2011
Cuánto porcentaje de la población representen los países más poblados
60%
países más poblados
o 1. China – 1454
o 2. India
o 3. USA
o 4. Indonesia
o 5. Pakistan
o 6. Nigeria
o 7. Brazil
o 8. Bangladesh
o 9. Russia
o 10. Mexico - 132
o 11. Japan
o 12. Ethiopia
Porcentaje de población y de bienes y servicios de North – rich
North America, western Europe, Japan, Korea (20% of population / 60% goods and services)
Porcentaje de población y de bienes y servicios de South – poor
Latin America, Africa, Middle East, Asia-Pacific (80% population / 40% goods and services)
Excepciones a que los del sur son pobres
Australia, N Zealand, Singapure, UAE, North Korea, Guayana Francesa
THE 9 regions of the world:
o 1. North America (USA y Canada)
o 2. Western Europe (EU)
o 3. Japan and Oceania (Japan, Koreas, Auestralia y New Zealand)
o 4. Russia and Eastern Europe (former soviet bloc)
o 5. China (+Hong Kong y Taiwan)
o 6. Middle East (de north africa a turkey e Iran)
o 7. Latin America (mexico, central america, south america and the caribbean)
o 8. Central and southeast asia (de afghanistan a Indonesia y Filipinas)
o 9. Sub-Saharan Africa (sur de Sahara Desert)
Cinco causas de la desigualdad
o Natural process of economic imbalance (exports/imports),
o imperialism and colonialism (economic dependence),
o discrimination (race, religion, language, gender, culture, etc),
o corruption and impunity (poor education)
o armed conflicts (wars), terrorism and natural disasters
Qué determina la desigualdad
o Political Stability: civil conflict major barrier to economic development
o Education and skills: influence the adoption of new technology and manufacturing
o Working culture: does society encourage entrepreneurship and work?
o Geographical location: can economies benefit from growth and trade with near neighbours?
o Natural resources: mineral resources help, no garantizan
o Economic system: free enterprise, welfare state, legal rights for business?
o Savings and investment: funds to investment in public infraestructure
Cinco principales religiones
Cristianismo, islam, hinduismo, budismo y judaismo
Divinidad del hinduismo
Shiva
Libro sagrado del islam
Quran
Signo del hinduismo
Aum letter
Signo del buidaismo
Dharma Chakra
Signo del taoism
yin and yang
Cinco principales idiomas
Chinese (Mandarin): 1,350 million: China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, etc
English: (+1,200 million: UK, Canda, USA, Australia, India, New Zealand)
Spanish (550: Spain, Latin America, Southern US, Philippines
Hindi: 380: North India
Arabic: 355: North Africa and Middle East
