Parathyroid Disorders Flashcards
What element do parathyroids maintain?
calcium
What happens when the parathyroid senses low calcium levels?
Mobilizes calcium from bones by osteoclast stimulation. It also stimulates the kidnets to reabsorb calcium and increases GI absorption of calcium.
What is the primary cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
benign parathyroid gland adenomas (85%)
What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia?
hyperparathyroidism
What are the clinical features of hyperparathyroidism?
mild hypercalcemia is likely to be asymptomatic
more severe causes thirst, anorexia, n/v, anemia and weight loss.
MOANS, GROANS, STONES and BONES!!!
Patients may develop polydipsia and polyuria
How do we diagnose hyperparathyroidism?
Elevated serum levels of PTH and Calcium
How is hyperparathyroidism treated?
Patients with mild asymptomatic primary HPT may only need to keep active, avoid immobilization and drink adequate fluids.
Patients should avoid thiazide diuretics
IV hydration and bisphosphonates are recommended for acute hypercalcemic crisis.
Parathyroidectomy is indicated for symptomatic primary disorder.
What causes hypoparathyroidism?
Acquired hypoparathyroidism is most commonly encountered following parathyroidectomy or thyroidectomy.
DiGeorge sundrome is a congenital cause of hypocalcemia arising from parathyroid hypoplasia
What are the clinical features of hypoparathyroidism?
Tetany, carpopedal spasms, muscle or abdominal cramps, and paresthesias as well as teeth, nail and hair defect and HYPERREFLEXIA.
Chvostek and Trousseau signs
lethargy and blurred vision
How is hypoparathyroidism diagnosed?
The hallmark is decreased PTH and adjusted serum calcium and increased phosphate levels.
ECG changes may include prolonged QT intervals and T wave abnormalities.
How is hypoparathyroidism treated?
Calcium and Vitamin D. Calcitrol is also used.
