Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > Parathyroid and Calcium > Flashcards

Parathyroid and Calcium Flashcards

1
Q

How much calcium does the body contain and where is it stored?

A 
1-2 kg of calcium
98% in skeleton
0.03% Plasma
0.1% ECF
1% ICF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What forms is Plasma calcium present in?

A

50% Ionized (active form)
41% Protein bound
9% Combined with anions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which protein is plasma calcium mostly bound to?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Does Ca+ equilibrate between skeleton and plasma?

A

Yes, but only 0.5% of bone in calcium is readily exchangeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What changes can be seen in hypocalcemia?

A
  1. Tetany
  2. Seizures
  3. Longer QT
  4. Nervous system excitement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What two tests can be done to check for hypocalcemia?

A 
Carpopedal spasm (tap on wrist)
Chvosteks sign (tap facial nerve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can Longer QT lead to?

A

R on T phenomenon which can turn in Torsades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What changes can be seen with hypercalcemia?

A
  1. Nervous system depression
  2. Short QT
  3. Long PR
  4. Constipation
  5. Anorexia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the CHIEF manifestation of hypercalcemia?

A

Skeletal muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is treatment for hypercalcemia?

A
  1. Maintain Urine ouput
  2. Hydrate
  3. Administer Mithramycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much phosphorus is contained in the body and where can it be found?

A

1kg of phosphrous
85% skeleton
15% Muscle/tissue
1% ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How much phosphorous is protein bound?

A

12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Do phosphorous levels or calcium levels fluctuate more significantly?

A

Phosphorus; moves between ECF and bone as well as between ECF and ICF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does phosphorus enter the ECF?

A

via GI, ICG, bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does phosphorus leave the ECF?

A

via Urine, ICF, Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the major control site of phosphorus?

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why does hypophosphatemia lead to weakness?

A

ATP is built on phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can GI absorption of phosphorus be increased?

A

1,25 D3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

PTH increase or decrease urinary excretion of phosphorus?

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What two cells are mainly contained in the parathyroid glands?

A

Chief and oxyphil cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which cells secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A

Chief cells

22
Q

What three things can cause enlargement of the parathyroid glands?

A
  1. Prolonged stimulation
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Lactation
23
Q

Is the parathyroid system made of negative or positive feedback system?

A

Negative feedback system

24
Q

What is the most important hormone for calcium homeostasis?

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

25
Q

Where in the kidney is calcium reabsorbed?

A

Proximal tubules

26
Q

What is bone resorption?

A

Moving calcium from bone into blood

27
Q

What are the 4 actions of PTH?

A
  1. Increases bone resorption of Ca++ and Phos
  2. Increases reabsorption of Ca++ in kidney
  3. Decreases reabsorption of Phophate in renal tubules
  4. Increases production of 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol.
28
Q

What is the major stimulus for PTH secretion?

A

Low serum Ca++ levels

29
Q

What is the most common form of calcium in the body?

A

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

30
Q

Increased PTH causes what changes to calcium and phosphate?

A

Serum: Calcium up, Phosphate down

Urine: Calcium down, Phosphate Up

31
Q

What hormone opposes the effects of PTH?

A

Calcitonin

32
Q

Where is calcitonin produced?

A

Parafollicular (c cells) of the thyroid

33
Q

Increased calcitonin causes what changes to calcium and phosphate?

A

Serum: Calcium down, Phosphate down

Urine: Calcium up, Phosphate up

34
Q

What stimulus causes increased secretion of calcitonin?

A

Increased serum Ca++

35
Q

What is the name of Vit D’s active product?

A

1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol

36
Q

How does Vitamin D effect serum or bone calcium levels?

A

Increases calcium absorption from the GI tract.

37
Q

Where is Vitamin D3 formed?

A

Skin by exposure to sunlight

38
Q

Where is Vitamin D converted to its active form?

39
Q

Bone resorption of calcium is increased by ____ and inhibited by _____?

A

PTH

Calcitonin

40
Q

Hypoparathyroidism results in what?

A
  1. Tetany
  2. Muscle cramps
  3. Grand mal seizures
  4. CV collapse
41
Q

What is tx for hypoparathyroidism?

A

PTH, calcium, and Vit d supplementation

42
Q

What airway related issue can hypoparathyroidism cause?

A

Laryngospasm d/t hypocalcemia

43
Q

What other electrolyte disorder can cause calcium resistant hypocalcemia?

A

Hypomagnesemia ( treat mag first, then calcium.)

44
Q

What are signs of primary hyperparathyroidism?

A
  1. Hypercalcemia
  2. Hypercalciuria
  3. Hypophosphatemia
  4. Hyperphosphaturia
  5. Bone demineralization
  6. Kidney stone formation
  7. Cardiac function effected with short QT, depresses relaxation).
45
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Parathyroid hyperplasia and Parathyroid tumor

46
Q

What is osteomalacia?

A

Softening of bones

47
Q

Vit D deficiency in children results in what?

A

Rickets— bones fail to mineralize

48
Q

Calcium is indicated for treatment of _______ induced EKG changes because of its cell membrane stabilizing effects?

A

Hyperkalemia

49
Q

What is the Calcium Chloride to Calcium Gluconate exchange rate?

A

1g Calcium Chloride= 3g Calcium Gluconate

50
Q

Which patient is Calcium treatment contraindicated in?

A

Digoxin toxicity d/t risk of lethal arrhythmias

Endocrine (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions