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Endocrine II AH > Parathyorid - Guerin > Flashcards

Parathyorid - Guerin Flashcards

1
Q

Familial isolated hypoparathyroidism is associated with what AR mutation?

AR?

A

PTH gene

Loss-of-fx in GCM2

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3
Q

What cell has acidophilic cytoplasm and is tightly packed with mitochondria?

A

Oxyphil cell

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4
Q

AD hypoparathyroidism has what mutation?

A

GOF in CASR

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6
Q

What do the following look like in primary hyperparathyroidism?

Ca
PTH
PO4

A

High
High
Low

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7
Q

Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism associated with what?

Called what syndrome?

What is the mutation?
Presents in whom?

A

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and primary AI

APS1

AIRE
Kids

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10
Q

What are the CF of hypocalcemia in the basal ganglia?

Lens?

Heart?

Dental?

A

Parkinosnian-like movement

Cataract

QT interval prolongation

Abnormalities

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11
Q

Hypercalcemia w/raise PTH due to what?

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Familial hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism?

A

Surgically induced

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14
Q

What is a sestamibi scan?

A

Radionucleotide scan

Labeled w/technetium-99

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16
Q

What is pseudohypoparathyroidism?

PTH levels?

Presents how?

Can also have what?

A

End-organ resistance to PTH

Normal or high

Hypocalcemia and hyperPO4

End organ resistance to TSH and FSH/LH

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17
Q

CF of hypocalcemia?

A

TETANY
Numbness, paresthesia
Laryngospasm, seizures

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18
Q

What makes PTH?

What color cytoplasm?

A

Chief cells

Light pink or clear from glycogen

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20
Q

What is the main cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Secondary?

Tertiary?

A

Adenoma

Chronic renal failure

After renal transplant

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21
Q

familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia inheritance?

Mutation?

A

AD

Loss-of-fx in CASR

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23
Q

BP sign w/hypocalcemia is called what?

Facial nerve tapping?

A

Trousseau

Chvostek

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24
Q

What has the morphology of being solitary, hypercellular w/little to no fat, w/few nests of larger oxyphil cells?

Composed of what cells?

A

Parathyroid adenoma

Uniform chief cells

27
Q

What are the other pathologies associated with hyperparathyroidism?

A

Nephrolithiasis

Nephrocalcinosis

28
Q

What is calciphylaxis?

Occurs in what?

A

Vascular calcification -> ischemic damage to the skin and other organs

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

29
Q

What is the major finding in parathyroid hyperplasia?

Occurs when?

A

All 4 glands involved (although there can be asymmetry)

Sporadically or part of MEN

30
Q

Hypercalcemia w/Dec PTH is caused by what?

A 
Hypercalcemia of malignancy
Vit D toxicity
Immobilization 
Thiazide diuretic 
Sarcoidosis
31
Q

What are the major CFs of Hypercalcemia?

A

Painful bones
Renal stones
Abdominal groans (constipation)
Psychic moans

32
Q

Other than renal failure what else may cause secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Labs?

A

Inadequate dietary intake of Ca
Steatorrhea
Vit D deficiency

High PO4, low Ca

35
Q

Familial parathyroid adenoma due to what mutations?

A

MEN1

RET

36
Q

What happens to the parathyroids in tertiary hyperparathyroidism?

Tx?

A

Become autonomous and excessive

Removal of parathyroids

38
Q

Hypercalcemia of malignancy causes what hematologic malignancies?

What solid tumors?

Secretes what?

A

Multiple myeloma

Lung, breast, H and N, renal

PTHrP

42
Q

What are the major skeletal pathologies associated with hyperparathyroidism?

A

Osteoporosis
Brown tumors
Osteitis fibrosa cystica

48
Q

Where are the 3 sites of action for PTH?

A

Inc renal tubular reabsorption of Ca and Inc urinary PO4 excretion
Increases conversion of vit D into active form in kidneys
Release Ca and PO4 from bones

50
Q

What 2 mutations cause sporadic parathyroid adenomas?

A

Cyclin D1

MEN1

52
Q

Function of parathyroid?

A

Regulate calcium

Decreased levels of calcium stimulate release of PTH

Endocrine II AH (6 decks)

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