Parasympathetic Nervous System Flashcards
Outline the structure of the parasympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system originates from cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and sacral nerves 2 and 3
The ganglions are closer to the target organs
The preganglionic neurons are longer than the postganglionic neurons
Describe the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system
Slowing Heart Rate: The parasympathetic system decreases heart rate, promoting a state of relaxation.
Constricting Pupils: It causes the pupils of the eyes to constrict, improving near vision.
Stimulating Digestion: This system enhances digestion by increasing salivation, promoting peristalsis (movement of food through the digestive tract), and increasing digestive enzyme production.
Relaxing Airway: It leads to bronchoconstriction, helping to regulate the flow of air into and out of the lungs
Promoting Bladder Contraction: The parasympathetic system plays a role in bladder emptying by stimulating the detrusor muscle.
Stimulating Genital Arousal: It is involved in promoting sexual arousal and genital blood flow.
Overall, the parasympathetic nervous system is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and conserving energy during non-stressfulsituations
Describe the outcomes pf parasympathetic nervous system dysfunction
Tachycardia: If the parasympathetic system is not functioning properly, it can result in an increased heart rate or heart palpitations.
Digestive Problems: Parasympathetic dysfunction can lead to gastrointestinal issues such as indigestion, constipation, or diarrhea.
Bladder Problems: A malfunctioning parasympathetic system can affect bladder control and lead to urinary incontinence
Eye Issues: Problems with pupillary constriction can cause difficulties with near vision and light sensitivity.
Respiratory Problems: Dysregulation of airway constriction may lead to breathing difficulties.
Sexual Dysfunction: Parasympathetic dysfunction can affect sexual arousal and may contribute to sexual problems.
Difficulty Relaxing: Individuals may have difficulty relaxing or entering a state of rest and may experience chronic stressoranxiety.
Which drugs affect the
parasympathetic nervous system
Drugs that act on the parasympathetic nervous system are often referred to as parasympathomimetic or cholinergic drugs. They mimic the effects of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that activates the parasympathetic nervous system. Some examples of thesedrugsinclude Cholinestrase inhibitors, muscarinic agonist, Nicotinic agonist, cholinergic agonists, Anticholinestrase agents.
