Parasitology: Protazoa Flashcards
What are the different types of protozoa?
- Amoebas
- Flagellates
- Cilliates
- Apicomplexia
Describe amoebas life-cycle.
Cyst (round, immotile, infective, protected by resistant wall, passed in stool) –> Trophozoite (motile, multiple hosts)
Describe characteristics found in Trphozoites.
- Karysome = with centered or off-centered nucleus
- Peripheral chromatin = surrounds karysome
- If RBC are seen in cytoplasm = enteramoeba histolytica
Describe characteristics found in cysts.
-Chromatoid bar = rod-shaped structure in cytoplasm that has RNA material
What are the amoebas that were talked about in class?
- Acanthamoeba
- Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba details
- Opportunistic infection
- Found in contaminated soil/water… Brackish water
- Encephalitis + keratitis in immunocompromised
- Taking Trphozoites of cysts from brain = diagnostic
Naegleria fowleri details
- Inhaled fresh, warm, water –> olfactory nerve –> brain = meningoencephalitis (fatal)
- Taking Trphozoites of cysts from brain = diagnostic
What are the different flagellates?
- Giardia lamblia
- Trichomonas Vaginalis
- Trypanosoma
Giardia lamblia details.
- Common in US (camping)
- Infects duodenum –> Diarrhea
- Flatulence, water/greasy/foul smelling poop
- “Old professor” has sucking disks + median bodies
Trichomonas Vaginalis details
-Vaginitis: Frothy, green, foul-smelling discharge
What are the different types of Trypanosoma?
- T. brucci rhodesiense + T. gambiense
- T. cruzi
- Leishmania
T. brucci rhodesiense + T. gambiense details
-Tsetsy fly –> African sleeping sickness
T. cruzi details
- Latin America –> Kissing bug –> Chagas
- C shaped, undulating membrane and flagella
Leishmania details
- Sand fly
- Promastigote turns into –> Amastigotes
What are the cilliates?
-Balantidum Coli
What are the apicomplexia?
- Cryptosporidium
- Cyclospora cayetanensis
- Plasmodium
Cryptosporidium details
- More severe in immunocompromised
- Oocytes have 4 sporozoites and 1-6 granules
Cyclospora cayetanensis details
- More severe in immunocompromised
- Oocytes are BIGGER than Cryptosporidium’s
What are the different types of Plasmodium?
- P. vivax
- P. ovale
- P. malariae
- P. falciparum
Describe the transmission of malaria.
1) Mosquito ingests gametocyte and they develop into –> sporozites
2) Mosquito bites human
3) Sporozites enter liver cells
4) Sporozites develop into –> merozoites and they enter the bloodstream
* In RBS you get the following*
5) Trophozoite (ring form)
6) Schizont
7) Ruptured RBC with merozites
8) Gametocytes
9) Mosquito bites infected indiv and cycle starts all over again
Which is the worst plasmodium to get?
- P. falciparum
- Has a banana shaped gametocyte
- Causes organ damage + neuro system manifestations
