Parasitology final Flashcards
Which diagnostic methods are used to detect the presence of trypanosomes in
dried blood smears?
Giemsa staining
What is found in giardiasis?
(NOT Trypomastigotes Promastigotes Oocytes) Others
What is the main difference for detection of intestinal Trichomonas or Giardia
infection?
Giardia turn to cyst, Trichomonas not
What is an adequate method to detect Giardia cysts in the fresh feces?
Flotation
Which forms of Thrichomonas can be found in the outer environment?
Not any forms
Which is the non-cyclic Trypanosoma species among the next ones?
T. evansi
Which morphological form of the Leishmania can be found in the vertebrate?
Amastigote
What are the morphs of leishmanias that appear in macrophages?
Amastigotes
What species are susceptible for the disease of “mal de caderas”?
Horse and donkey
What is the Trypanosoma that infects host without vectors?
T. equiperdum
How many flagellums does a Giardia trophozite have?
8
Which method of staining can be applied to detect Histomonas in tissues?
PAS
Which has the largest among the causative agents of Nagana?
T. brucei brucei
What is the most frequent cause of death in Nagana?
Heart failure
Which species does the causative agent of dourine belong to?
T. equiperdum
Name of parasite found in closely related species.
Stenoxenous
Which has cutaneous and visceral forms?
Leishmaniosis
What is the animal obligatory for the completion of life cycle?
Definitive host
Parasite of cycle involves one species?
Monoxenous
Which does not cause nagana?
T. equiperdum
Which cysts can be found in the faeces of the animal?
Giardiasis
Which is monomorphic?
T. vivax
How do the clinical signs of Dourine follow each other?
Genital, skin, nerves
Which host is not needed to complete life cycle?
Paratenic host
Test used in dourine?
Complement fixation test
Which animal species have the general form of histomonosis?
Guinea fowl
What is the name of the Trichomoniasis species found in cattle?
Trichomonas fetus
Parasite can only be established in one host:
Stenoxenous
Can be detected in giardiasis?
Trophozoites
Which is not zoonotic?
Histomonosis
Flagellate form can be found in the caecal lumen?
Histomonosis
Who is pleomorphic?
T. brucei
In which faecal sample can you find cysts?
Giardiosis
What can you find in the blood smear of dourine?
Trypomastigotes
Which of these parasites can infect more than one host?
Euryxenous
Which species is found in old/new world America?
T. vivax
What is the vector of leishmaniosis?
Sandfly
What is the vector of nagana?
Tse-tse fly
What is the number of nuclei in infected cysts, of entamoebosis?
4
What can be detected in leishmaniasis?
Amastigotes
Which form of Histomonas is found in the caecum?
Flagellate
Which Trypanosoma needs a mechanical vector?
T. evansi
What species is primarily affected by Histomonas meleagridis?
Turkey
Which parasite species causes Black head?
Histomonas meleagridis
Which is the clinical form of leishmaniasis in dogs?
Cutaneous form
How do you detect leishmaniasis?
Smear with Giemsa staining. Detection of amastigotes
Which test can you use to detect Dourine?
Complement fixation test x2 with 3-week interval
Cellular organelle of leishmaniasis consists of?
Nucleus, kinetoplast, axoneme, or basal body
Which species is primarily affected by Histomonas meleagridis?
3-12 week old turkeys
Which parasites are pleomorphic?
T. brucei, Histomonas meleagridis
What can we detect in giardiasis?
Trophozoites (vegetative form) in the faecal smear
Cysts (infectious form) in faecal smear
Which cells carry leishmaniosis?
Macrophages
Which trypanosome is not involved in nagana?
T. cruzei, T. evansi
Which cellular organelle is present in Trypanosoma?
Kinetoplast
Which parasite release cysts into the faeces of animals?
Giardia duodenalis
What is the mechanical vector of nagana?
Stomoxys and Tabanus
Where does the merozoite develop?
Inside schizont
How many cells can be infected by a merozoite of Eimera?
1
How many gamonts can develop from one schizont?
Many
How many epithelial cells can be infected by the content of one schizont of
Eimera?
Many
How can we recognize chicken coccidia by species in the simplest way?
Based on necropsy findings
In order to identify the species of a sporulated oocyte, what of the following is
needed?
Size of oocyte
What does the unsporulated oocyst contain?
Zygote
What does the sporulated oocysts contain?
Sporocysts
Where does the sporozoite develop?
In the oocyst
Where does the sporogony of Eimera maxima take place?
In outer environment
Which animal species can be infected by Eimera acervulina?
Chickens
Where does the sporogony of Eimera acervulina take place?
In outer environment
Where do the Eimera acervulina gamonts develop?
Duodenum and jejunum
What can we observe on the surface of mucosa in case of E. necatrix infection?
Unclotted blood
Where does the sporogony of Eimera brunetti takes place?
In outer environment
Where do the Eimera brunetti schizonts develop?
Lower part of intestines
Where do the Eimera tenalla schizonts develop?
Caecum
Which symptom does not appear in case of renal coccidiosis?
Bloody faeces
Where is the E. truncata primarily located?
Renal tubules
Eimeria labbeanna occurs in?
Pigeon small intestines
What does the sporulated oocyst of coccidiosis contain?
4 sporocysts containing each 2 sporozoites
How many epithelial cells can become infected by 1 Eimeria oocyst at the
beginning of infection?
8 cells (4 sporocysts with 2 sporozoites each)
How many cells can be infected by the content of one Eimera oocyst?
8
How many epithelial cells can be infected by the content of one Eimera
sporocyst?
2
How many macrogametes can develop from one macrogamont?
1
The correct order in the life cycle of Eimera?
Sporongy (in environment), schizogeny (in intestinal cells), gametogony (in intestinal cells),
sporogony (of new oocysts in the enviroment)
Which species of Eimera are haemorrhagic?
E. tenella, E. necatrix and E. brunetti
Which species of Eimera are not haemorrhagic?
E. maxima, E. acervulina, E. mitis and E. praecox
Which 3 species are not characterized by blood in the intestines?
E. acervulina, E. mitis and E. praecox
Which method do you not use to identify the species in the chicken coccidosis?
McMaster method
Time lapse from infection of host to apperence of parasite sexual product in
faeces is called?
Praepatent period
During gametogony when the merozoites develop into the female gametocytes
they are called?
Macrogametocytes
Which animal species can be infected by Eimera maxima?
Chicken
What do you find on mucosa during an infection with E. maxima?
Petechiae (also on serosa)
Which statement is true:
E. maxima has a 30x20 μm oocyst that is characteristic
Size of oocyte can be used as identification for which of these species?
E. maxima or ”other” (oocysts of other species are not characteristic to identify species)
Which has slightly orange/salmon pink exudate in lumen?
E. maxima
Where does the schizogony of Eimera acervulina take place?
In epithel of duodenum and jejunum
Which one has discrete white foci or transverse bands which are ladder-like?
E. acervulina
Where do schizonts of Eimera necatrix develop?
In jejunum and ileum
Animals infected by E. brunetti?
Chickens
Which animal species can be infected by Eimera tenella?
Chickens
Where do schizonts of E. mitis develop?
In the jejunum
In the goose what species of Eimeria affects the kidneys?
E. truncata
Which of the following is a symptom of E. truncata?
Torticolis
Which is the most usual form of biliary coccidiosis in rabbit?
Symptomless
What organ is affected by bovine coccidiosis?
Large intestines
What size is the oocyst of Isospora suis?
20 µm
How can we increase the sensitivity of detection of I. suis oocyst in the microscope ?
With autofluorescence
Where are the pathologic lesions that occur in case of I. suis infection?
In caecum and ileum
What does the hepatic lesions contains in case of Eimeria infection?
Gamonts and oocysts
Which is the largest bw Neospora, Sarcocystis, Isospora burrowsi and Isospora felis ?
I. felis
What is the worst consequence of pig coccidiosis?
Dehydration
Diarrhoea caused by coccidiosis last for…in puppy.
1-2 weeks
Diarrhoea caused by coccidiosis last for…in kittens.
1-2 days
Which species can infect cats? (I. canis, E. stiedai, I. felis or E. canis)
I. canis
What symptom is not caused by I. felis (canis) in cat (dog)? (diarrhoea, anaemia, exsiccosis, myocarditis)
Myocarditis
What symptom is caused by E. stiedai in rabbit?
Cholangitis
What symptom is caused by I. suis in young pig?
Diarrhoea
Which species has the biggest oocyst in dogs?
I. canis
What age of cattle is the most susceptible for Eimeria infection?
2-5 months old
Which species affects the large intestines in rabbit?
E. flavescens
From what species do we not need to distinguish Isospora felis oocyst samples?
I. ohioensis
Which species has pinhead-sized nodules in the ileum?
E. magna
Who is infected by E. stiedai?
Rabbit
What does a sporulated oocyst of E. stiedai contain?
Sporocyst
What species of Eimeria can appear as a merozoite in the bloody faeces?
E. zuernii
What kind of extra-intestinal symptoms can occur during Eimeria infection in calves ?
CNS signs
In which species can you find E. intestinalis?
Rabbit
What can you find in fresh faeces?
Unsporulated oocysts
Coccidiosis infects pigs at what age?
8-15 days
What is affected in coccidiosis of carnivores?
Small intestines
What does the sporulated oocyst of E. stiedai contain?
4 sporocysts each containing 2 sporozoites
Which species of Eimeria can appear as merozoites in bloody faces?
E. zuernii of cattle
How many macrogametes develop from 1 micro-gamont?
21-30
How do you detect E. zuernii in the faeces?
Flotation test
Species of Eimeria found in the large intestine of the rabbit?
E. piriformis and E. flavescens
What is an unsporulated oocyst with regards to Eimeria?
Zygote
Which are the small intestine Eimeria species in the rabbit?
E. intestinalis, E. magna, E. irresidua
How do we detect an unsporulated Eimeria oocyst?
Flotation method
What do we see clinically when a rabbit has E. steidai?
Sub-clinical infection…
What form of oocysts can be found in the fresh faeces on the course of
E. stedai infection?
Unsporulated
Which animal can be infected by E. intestinalis?
Rabbit
What form of Eimeria zuernii might appear sometimes in mucous faeces of
calves?
Schizonts or merozoites
At what age are rabbits most susceptible for intestinal Eimeria infection?
1-2 months
Where does the sporogony of Eimeria zuernii take place?
In the environment
Where do calves usually get heavy infection with Coccidiosis?
In feed lots and yards
Which method is used for courting oocysts in the faces during an Eimeria
infection?
McMaster method
What is found in the faeces of animals infected by Eimeria?
Sporulated oocysts
What is unsporulated?
Zygote
What is the size of a Cryptosporidium oocyst?
5-8 µm
How can we characterize the host specificity of Cryptosporidia baileyi?
Euryxenous
What do the oocysts of Cryptosporidia contain?
4 sporozoites
What organ is never involved into C. baileyi infection of poultry?
Liver
Which organ is not involved during a C. Bailyei infection of Poultry?
Brain
How do we detect usually the oocysts of Cryptosporidia in faeces?
Flotation method
Which animal species can be infected by Toxoplasma gondii?
Many mammals and birds
How many sporocysts do the Toxoplasma oocysts have?
2
What kind of pathological signs can we see on the surface of placenta of
aborted foetus by consequence of Toxoplasma infection?
Necrotic spots
What method is not applicable to detect antibodies against Toxoplasma
infection?
PCR
Which species of host of Toxoplasma do not abort their foetus during infection?
Cat
What is the size of Toxoplasma cyst that contains tachyzoites?
20-100 µm
What is the sign that does not appear in the chronic form of Besnoitiosis of
cattle?
Itching
What type of Sarcocystis oocyst can be found in fresh faeces?
Sporulated
What type of Sarcocystis oocyst can be found in fresh faeces?
Sporulated form with two sporocysts
What is the usual consequence of Sarcocystis in final host animals?
No clinical signs
What can we usually detect in the faeces during Sarcocystiosis in definite host?
Sporocysts
What is the most frequent clinical form of Sarcocystiosis of the dog?
Subclinical
What animals are susceptible for Besnoitia besnoiti?
More spp. of ruminants
Which is the method used to detect Cryptosporidium?
Kinyoun staining
What method is not used to detect Toxoplasma tachyzoites during infection?
IFAT staining
Which genus has sporulated oocysts with 4 free sporozoites?
Cryptosporidium
Which genus has sporulated oocysts without sporocysts?
Cryptosporidium
What are the characteristics of Cryptosporidium meleagridis oocysts?
5 µm, spherical
Which form is not characteristic of avian Cryptosporidiosis?
Hepatic form (Crypto has intestinal, respiratory and renal form)
Host range of Cryptosporidiosis?
Euryxenous (mammals and birds)
Host range of Cryptosporidium baileyi?
Anseriform
Life Cycle of Cryptosporidia parvum?
Homoxenous
Which species of Cryptosporidium occurs in birds?
C. balleyi (C. galli, C. meleagridis)
Where is Cryptosporidium mainly found?
Small intestines (ileum), or abomasum in case of C. muris and C. andersoni
Which bird species are susceptible for C. bailyei infection?
Many species
What is the causative agent of Cryptosporidiosis in mammals?
C. muris (C. parvum, C. andersoni and C. bovis, C. felis, C. canis, C. hominis)
Which parasite are homoxenous but not host specific?
Cryptosporidium parvum
What are the clinical signs for C. baileyi?
Dyspnoea and diarrhoea (also: coughing, sneezing, nasal discharges and conjunctivitis)
What are the characteristics of Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts?
6-7 μm, oval
What form of Cryptosporidium can be found in fresh faeces?
Oocysts containing 4 sporozoites
Which form of Cryptosporidiosis has the most severe outcome in broilers?
Respiratory
In which location will Cryptosporidium baileyi not establish?
Stomach
Which is not true?
Toxoplasma oocysts are 5-8 μm (they are 10x12 μm)
Host range of Toxoplasmosis?
Cats, dogs, birds and humans and other mammals
Which symptom does not occur during Toxoplasmosis infection in cats?
Abortion
How can we characterize the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii?
Facultative heteroxenous
In which animal can we find Toxoplasma oocysts in the faeces?
Cats (maximum 20 days/only for 1-2 weeks)
What kind of host is the cat in Toxoplasma gondii?
Final Host/definitive host
For how long does a cat pass Toxoplasma oocysts in the faeces?
1-2 weeks
Which animals shed oocysts in Toxoplasmosis?
All species of cats as the definitive/final host
What can be found in sporulated oocysts of Toxoplasmosis?
2 sporocysts each containing 4 sporozoites
What is the patency period for Toxoplasmosis?
20 days
Oocyst of Toxoplasma gondii is indistinguishable from that of?
Hammondia hammondi
What is the size of Toxoplasma gondii cyst?
20-100 µm
In which species does T. gondii cause necrotic foci and granuloma in liver,
spleen, lungs and brain?
Rabbit
Which clinical sign can be seen in dogs infected by Toxoplasma?
CNS symptoms (along with anorexia, pneumonia and diarrhoea)
What method is not used to detect Toxoplasma tachyzoites during infection?
Sabin-Feldman dye test
Besnoitia besnoiti species are?
Obligatory heteroxenous
Which statement is not true for Besnoitia besnoiti?
It´s most important intermediate host is the cat. It can be transmitted by vectors, the cyst is
visible to the naked eye, develops in the endothel
What type of host of Sarcocystiosis can give the intestinal form of infection?
Final hosts – dog, cat, wild carnivores and man
What is the Sarcocystiosis species of cattle among these following ones?
S. hirsuta
What is the Sacrocystiosis species of sheep among these following ones?
S. gigantean
What can be found in sections of vascular endothelium of heart, kidney etc. in
Sarcosporidiosis?
Groups of merozoites or small schizonts
Intestinal Sarcosporidiosis can occur in?
Dog, cat, wild carnivores and man
Wheat-pea sized and greyish-yellow sarcocysts of … are found in the wall of
esophagus?
S. gigantea (in sheep)
Muscle sarcosporidiosis can be found in?
Sheep, cattle, sheep, swine, horse and rabbit
What does the human need to ingest to get infected with Sarcocystiosis?
Cystozoites
What is the vector of Hepatozoon canis?
Other than flea, lice, fly
What are the vertebrates susceptible for Babesiosis?
Birds and mammals
What is the animal that may abort its foetus in consequence of Babesiosis:
Cattle
What are the host that does not show haemoglobinuria during Babesia-infection?
Horses
What word is correct to describe certain form of Babesia?
Sporozoite
What is the Babesia species that can infect dog among the following ones?
B. gibsoni
In what cells does the Theileria begin to develop inside first vertebrate host?
Lymphocytes
What is the species among the following ones that has not any zoonotic
significance?
Theileria annulata
In what cells do the Koch bodies occur?
Lymphocytes
What is the correct term to describe the host preferences of Encephalitozoon?
Euryxenous
What is the staining method that cannot be applied to detect Encephalitozoon
spores in tissues?
Hematoxyllin eosin staining
Correct term for host range of Hepatozoonosis:
Obligate heteroxenous
In which cells do gamonts of Hepatozoon develop?
Neutrophil granulocytes
Which form of Hepatozoon canis can be found in the neutrophil granulocytes?
Gamont
Which symptom is not present in the dog affected with Babeiosis:
Abortion
In which animal does Babeiosis infection affect the eyes?
Dog
Which Babesia has zoonotic significance?
B. bingemina
What is the difference between the cell preference of Babesia and Theileria?
Theileria can develop in lymphocytes, Babesia does not
What is the species of Babesia that have zoonotic character?
B. divergens of cow
What type of animals does Babeiosis affect?
Mammals
Babesia vogeli can infect:
Dogs
Which cells does Babesia first infect?
RBCs
Which species can occur in cattle?
B. divergens
Which is “small babesia”?
B.canis
Form of Theileria that occurs in RBCs:
Piroplasm
Theleria annulata is seen in which species?
Cattle
What is the size of Koch bodies?
10-12 µm
Koch bodies are:
Schizonts in WBCs
Vertebrate animals susceptible to Encephalitozoonosis:
Many mammals
Which staining can’t you use in the detection of Encephalitozoa?
HE staining
In Encephalitozoonosis, eye disorders are seen in which species?
Fox, dog
During the necropsy, thickened and nodular vessels in arteries of viscera can be
seen with the naked eye in:
Encephalitozoonosis
Spores of E. cuniculi can be detected where in rabbits?
In the urine
What size are the Encephalitozoon spores?
1.5 x 2.5 µm, elliptical or Oval
Which staining is used for Encephalitozoonosis?
Gram +
What kind of organ is affected by Encephalitozoon cuniculi?
Kidney
What is the name of the development for lice?
Epimorphosis
How many nymphal stages do the lice have?
3
How long do the blood sucking lice survive without a host?
Some days only
What is the blood sucking louse of cats?
It does not exist
Which hosts are the blood sucking lice live on?
Mammals
How many abdominal segments do lice have?
9
One of the anoplura louse species of cattle is the Linognathus…?
Vituli
What does a cocoon of a flea contain?
Pupa
Which way do the flea devevelop?
Holometamorphosis
Which is characteristic for a cat infected with fleas?
Miliary dermatitis
How many larval stages do the flea have?
3
How big is an adult louse?
1-14 mm
Which gender are the biggest lice?
Female
How are the eyes of the lice?
Reduced or absent
How many antennae does the Amblycera/Ischnocera have?
3-5 segmented antennae
How many antennae does the Anoplura have?
5 segmented antennae
How long do chewing/biting lice survive without a host?
1-2 weeks
How do the lice spread?
By contact, phoresy
Which suborder does Felicola subrostratus belong to?
Ichnocera (chewing or biting lice)
Which suborder does Solenopotes capillatus belong to?
Anopleura (blood-sucking lice)
Which is the blood sucking louse of dogs?
Linognathus setosus
Which is the blood sucking louse of sheep?
Linognathus stenopsis, Linognathus ovillus, Linognathus pedalis
Which are the blood sucking lice of birds?
Does not exist
Which are the chewing/biting lice of rabbits?
Does not exist
Which are the chewing/biting lice of pigs?
Does not exist
Which are the chewing/biting lice of humans?
Does not exist
What is the blood-sucking lice species of cattle?
Linognathus vituli, Hematopinus eurysternus, Solenopotes capillatus
How many spiracles do lice have?
6 pairs
How many abdominal segments do fleas have?
10
Genus of the rat flea?
Xenopsylla cheopis
Genus of the human flea?
Tunga penetrans
What is special about Tunga penetrans (jigger)?
Only male sucks blood
Which is characteristic for a dog infected with fleas?
Hotspots on lumbosacral and gluteal region
How big is an adult flea?
1-6 mm
How big are the eggs of flea?
0,5 mm
In flea infestation, which are the clinical signs?
Correct: Restlessness, scratching, intense grooming, anaemia, fleabite allergy, hot spot in dog,
military dermatitis in cat
How does fleas develop?
Holometamorphosis
Choose the scientific name of the horsefly species.
A: Tababus bromlus B: Culicoides imicola
C: Culex pipies D: Phlebotumum neglectus
Tabanus
Choose the developmental cycle typical for bedbugs.
A: Anamoprhosis B: Holometamorphosis
C: Hemimetamorphosis D: Epimetamorphosis
Epimetamorphosis
Choose the developmental cycle typical for diptherans.
A: Anamoprhosis B: Holometamorphosis
C: Hemimetamorphosis D: Epimetamorphosis
Holometamorphosis
This species never consumes blood.
A: Stomoxys calcitrans B: Lipoptena cervi
C: Haematobia irritans D: Fannia canicularis
Fannia canicularis
This species never consumes blood.
A: Stomoxys calcitrans B: Lipoptena cervi
C: Haematobia irritans D: Musca domestica
Musca domestica
This species never consumes blood.
A: Stomoxys calcitrans B: Lipoptena cervi
C: Haematobia irritans D: Muscina stabulans
Muscina stabulans
Both sexes are haematophagus?
A: Stomoxys calcitrans B: Musca autumnalis
C: Fannia canicularis D: Musca domestica
Stomoxys calcitrans
Both sexes are haematophagus?
A: Hematobius irritans B: Musca autumnalis
C: Fannia canicularis D: Musca domestica
Hematobius irritans
How many nymphal stages do bugs have?
5
What does the pupa of bugs look like?
No pupa, since they develop via epimorphosis
What does the male bedbug feed on?
Blood
Which bug causes anaemia?
Cimex lectularis (bed bug)
Where are the respiratory spiracles of bugs located?
Ventrally on the abdomen
Respiratory spiracles lay on:
Stigma plate
How many nymphal stages are there in the Darkling beetle?
None (have larvae)
Diptera whose antenna has only 3 segments?
Tabanus
Their antenna has only 3 segments?
Tabanus
Tsetse fly gives birth to:
One fully-grown 3rd stage larvae
Size of the Tsetse fly:
6-15 mm
Which lay fully-grown larvae?
Tse-tse fly
Adult species of this genus are always wingless?
Melophagus ovinus
Which of the following does not belong to the mouthparts?
Antennae
Their larvae are able to chew into solid materials?
Alphitobius diaperinus
Development of Family Culicidae:
(Holo)metamorphosis
Life cycle of Heteroptera (Hemiptera)?
Epimorphosis
What is characteristic of the Family Simuliidae?
Pupa is in a slipper-shaped cocoon that is reddish-brown
Which group pupates inside a cocoon capsule?
Simuliidae
What order does the Fannia canicularis belong to?
Cyclorrhapha
Which genus does not belong to the group of mosquitoes?
A: Alphitoblus B: Aedes C: Culex D: Anopheles
Alphitobius
Choose the insect group where development in stagnant water is typical?
A: Horseflies B: Mosquitoes C: Bedbugs D: Sandflies
Mosquitoes
Choose the group where both sexes feed on blood.
A: Blackflies B: Mosquitoes C: Bedbugs D: Sandflies
Bedbugs
Reduced wings are characteristic for.
A: Blackflies B: Hornflies C: Biting midges D: Bedbugs
Bedbugs
Choose the insect that is not haematophagous.
A: Bedbug B: Lesser mealworm C: Horsefly D: Sandfly
Lesser mealworm
Choose the scientific name of a Blackfly species?
A: Simulium damnosum B: Aedes vexans
C: Culex pipiens D: Anopheles
Simulium damnosum
Mottled wings are characteristic for?
A: Biting midges B: Blackflies C: Sanflies D: Bedbugs
Biting midges
Larvae and puparia of this species have lateral projections.
A: Fannia B: Stomoxys C: Musca D: Haematobia
Fannia
Larvae of species of this genus are able to feed outside the adults?
A: Lipoptena B: Hippobosca C: Melophagus D: Stomoxys
Stomoxys
Both sexes of this species consume blood?
A: Musca domestica B: Fannia canicularis
C: Haematobia irritans D: Musca autumnalis
Haematobia irritans
Blowfly..
A: Lay eggs B: Lays second instar
C: Lays first instar D: Lays pupa
Lay eggs
A freshfly lays…
A: Eggs B: Third instars C: First instars D: Pupa
First instars
Hypoderma lineatum imagos feeds on..
A: Blood B: Plant tissue C: Nothing D: Connective tissue
Nothing
First stage larva of Hypoderma bovis migrate into the?
A: Spinal canal B: Kidney C: Esophagus D: Gluteal region
Spinal canal
The female mosquitoes need blood for?
Ovarian development
Most of the mosquitoes species are?
Nocturnal or crepuscular
What does the female mouthparts of the mosquitoes have?
Piercing-sucking mouthparts (fleshy labium), paired maxilla and mandibles, hypopharynx, labrum
Which part of the mosquitoes is entering the skin?
Labrum
Which part of the mosquitoes is not entering the skin?
Fleshy labium
How big are the mosquitoes?
2-10 mm
What is characteristic for the male mosquitoes?
Reduced or absent maxilla
How is the antenna in female mosquitoes?
Pilose (hairy)
How is the antenna in male mosquitoes?
Plumose (feathery)
How does the Anopheles look like?
Characteristically straight, acute angle with the surface
How does Culex, Aedes look like?
Bended at thorax and body is parallel with the surface
How do the eggs of the mosquitoes look like?
Elongated, ovoid or boat shaped
Which mosquitos lay eggs on water?
Anopheles
Which mosquitoes lay eggs in groups?
Culex
How many larval instars are there in still freshwater Anopheles?
4
How do the mummy-like pupae look like?
Comma-shaped, distinct cephalothorax and abdomen with respiratory trumpets
Most of the species of Blackflies is?
Diurnal
When is the Blackflies most active?
During the morning or early evening
How does the female Blackfly suck blood?
Lacerates the tissues until a pool of blood is formed and then takes it up
Which ones are species of the Blackfly?
Simulium columbaschense, S. damnosum
How are the eyes of the female Blackfly?
Distinctly separated (dichoptic)
How are the eyes of the male Blackfky?
Closer (holoptic)
Where are the eggs of the Blackfly laid?
In batches on stones or vegetation near running water
How many larval instars of the Blackfly?
6-9
What is a clinical sign of Blackfly in cattle?
Acute syndrome: simuliotoxicosis
What is characteristic for both sexes of Sandflies?
Feed on plant juices
How is the colour of the Sandfly?
Dull coloured
How big is the Sandfly?
5 mm
How are the wing veins of the Sandfly?
In straight lines
How are the eggs of the Sandfly laid?
In cracks, burrows or holes in the ground
How many larval instars does the Sandfly have?
4
How big are the Biting midges?
1.5-5 mm
How many larval instars do the Biting midges have?
4
What are the Muscoid flies called which is associated with man?
Synathropic
What are the Muscoid flies called which is associated with the stables?
Endophilic
What are the Muscoid flies called which is associated with pastures?
Exophilic
Which muscoid flies are exophilic?
Musca Automnalis and Hematobius Irritans
What is in the first segment of Muscoid flies?
Inner cephalopharyngeal skeleton
How many larval instars do the Muscoid flies have?
3
How is the shape of the puparium of the Muscoid flies?
Barrel shaped
How big is the Musca domestica/housefly?
7-8 mm
How many segments do the larvae of the Musca domestica/housefly have?
12 segments
How many generations per year does the housefly have?
10-30 generations
How big is the Fannia canicularis/lesser housefly?
4-6 mm
What order does Fannia canicularis belong to?
Cyclorrhapha of the Suborder Brachycera
Which have a closed peritreme?
Blowfly
How does the first two abdominal segments of the Fannia canicularis/lesser
housefly look like?
Yellowish spots
How big is the Stomoxys calcitrans/stable fly?
6-7 mm
Where does the Stomoxys calcitrans/stable fly attack their host?
On the lower parts (belly, limbs)
How big is Musca autumnalis/face fly?
5-7 mm
Which species have biological and mechanical vector?
Musca autumnalis or face fly
What does the Musca autumnalis feed on?
Secretions around the eyes (nose, mouth and wounds)
How big is the Haematobia irritans/horn fly?
4 mm
What does the horn fly cause?
Intense irritation and blood loss
Larvae of Hypoderma lineatum migrate into?
Oesophagus
Where do the Warble flies pupate?
On the ground
Which one has a 3rd instar larvae called a warble/grub?
None (correct answer is Warble flies, Hypodermatinae)
Which fly lays larvae on mammals?
Oestrus ovis
Where can we find the larvae of O. ovis?
In the nasal cavity
Where does Gastrophilus nasalis finally develop?
Pylorus
Where the Gasterophilus intestinalis lays its egg?
On shoulders
How long do the larva of sheep nasal botfly develop inside host?
10-12 months
Members of this genus are facultative parasites?
Lucilia sericata, Lucilia cuprina
Where does Lucilla spp. belong?
Calliphoridae
Which have an open peritreme?
Fleshflies
Which one has a 3rd instar larvae called a maggot?
None (correct answer is Sarcophagidae Wohlfahrtia spp.)
Where does Wohlfahrtia spp. belong?
Sarcophagidae
Which adult female is larviparous?
Wohlfahrtia spp.
Wohlfahrtia Magnifica lays what?
Females lay first instar larvae, they are larviparous and obligate parasites
Which adult female is honeybee like?
Botflies
