Parasitology: Classification & Structure Flashcards
Classify the clades and give examples of Excavata
Metamonada: Fornicata (Giardia), Parabasala (Trichomonas)
Discicristata: Heterolobosea (Naegleria), Euglenozoa (Leishmania + Trypanosoma)
Classify the clades and give examples of Amoebozoa
Centramoebida: Acanthamoeba
Entramoebida: Entamoeba
Classify the clades and give examples of SAR
Apicomplexa: Sporozoans (Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Plasmodium)
Ciliophora: Neobalantidium coli
Classify the clades and give examples of Opisthokonta
Nematoda: Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichiura, Strongyloides steroralis
Trematodes: Fasciola hepatica, Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni
Cestodes: Taenia solium, T. saginata, Echinococcus granulosus, Hymenolepsis nana
What are helminths?
Worms, helminthology: Study of worms
What is the basic structure of Nematodes?
- Multicellular
- Round worm: Round, smooth, spindle shape
- Tubular alimentary tract
- Separate sexes
- Active muscle motility
- Larvae: aerobes + Adults: anaerobes
- Teeth or plates for attachment
- Example: Ascaris, Enterobius, Trichuris, Ancylostoma
What is the basic structure of Nematodes?
- Multicellular
- Round worm: Round, smooth, spindle shape
- Tubular alimentary tract
- Separate sexes
- Active muscle motility
- Larvae: aerobes + Adults: anaerobes
- Teeth or plates for attachment
- Example: Ascaris, Enterobius, Trichuris, Ancylostoma
What is the basic structure of Trematodes?
- Multicellular
- Leaf Shaped
- Blind alimentary tract
- Hermaphroditic
- Schistosoma: Separate sexes
- Muscle directed motility
- Adults: anaerobes
- Oral or ventral suckers for attachment
- Example: Fasciola, schistosomes
What is the basic structure of Cestodes?
- Multicellular
- Tapeworm: Head and segmented body (proglottid)
- Lack alimentary tract
- Hermaphroditic
- Muscle directed motility and attaching to mucosa
- Head has hooks and suckers for attachment
- Example: Taenia, Echinococcus, Hymenolepsis
Differentiate between protozoans and metazoans.
Protozoan: Unicellular, Organelles for movement, Binary Fission, Facultative anaerobes
Metazoan: Multicellular, Muscle motility for movement, Hermaphroditic, Larvae: aerobes + Adults: anaerobic
What is the basic structure of Amoeba?
- Unicellular
- Cysts or Trophocytes
- Binary Fission
- Pseudopods for movement
- Facultative anaerobes
- Example: Acanthamoeba and Entamoeba
What is the basic structure of Flagellates?
- Unicellular
- Cysts or Trophocytes
- Binary Fission
- Flagella for movement
- Possibly intracellular
- Facultative anaerobes
- Example: Giardia, Trichomonas, Leishmania, and Trypanosoma
What is the basic structure of Sporozoans?
- Unicellular
- Cysts, sporozoites, gametes, or Trophozoites
- Schizogony or sporogony
- Frequently intracellular
- No organelles for movement (bending, gliding, twisting)
- Facultative anaerobes
- Example: Cryptosporidium, Plasmodium, and Toxoplasma
What is the basic structure of Ciliates?
- Unicellular
- Cysts or Trophocytes
- Binary Fission and conjugation
- Cilia for movement
- Facultative anaerobes
- Example: Neobalatidium
