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DWT Exam 4 > Parasitology -> Arthropods > Flashcards

Parasitology -> Arthropods Flashcards

1
Q

What orders compose the class Insecta?

A

Siphonaptera (fleas)
Phthiraptera (lice)
Diptera (flies)
Hemiptera (true bugs, bed bugs, kissing bugs)
Coleoptera (blister beetles)
Lepidoptera (urticating caterpillars)
Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)

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2
Q

What order composes Class Arachnida?

A

Acari (ticks and mites)

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3
Q

How do insects differ from ticks and mites?

A

Insects have 3 body parts and 6 legs

Ticks and Mites have 2 body parts and 8 legs as an adult

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4
Q

Where do parasitic arthropods typically harbor pathogens?

A

In the salivary glands

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5
Q

What are the two types of life cycles of class Insecta?

A

Simple/Incomplete metamorphosis: immature stages look like small adults

Complex/complete metamorphosis: marked difference in morphology and structure between adults and immature stages

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6
Q

What is the insect of Order Siphonaptera with the most veterinary importance? List common features.

A

Fleas
Macroscopic, brown, wingless, laterally compressed, complex metamorphosis

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7
Q

What hosts do Ctenocephalides felis prefer?

A

Hosts: dogs, cats, ferrets, occasionally other animals

Most common flea of cats and dogs and is found worldwide

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8
Q

Do adult of Ctenocephalides felis spread from host to host?

A

No, once an adult is on a host, it is considered a permanent ectoparasite that will feed as soon as it finds a host

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9
Q

After an adult female of Ctenocephalides mates, how long will it take for her to start laying eggs?

A

24 hours

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10
Q

Describe characteristics of Ctenocephalides felis larva and what they require to develop

A

Larva is slender, white, 2-5 mm, and may have dark appearance from blood ingestion

They require the ingestion of flea feces, and prefer high humidity

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11
Q

Describe characteristics of Ctenocephalides felis pupa

A

The larva forms a sticky cocoon in which debris stick for camouflage
Adult can stay in pupa for up to 6 months, pupa is very tough and is not killed by pesticides

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12
Q

Roughly how long does each stage of the Ctenocephalides felis life cycle last under perfect conditions?

A

Egg hatching -> 2 days
Larva -> 6 days
Pupa -> 6 days
~14 days total
Eggs compose 50% of an infection

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13
Q

What is the clinical importance of Ctenocephalides felis?

A

Hypersensitivty rxn to saliva antigens -> flea allergy dermatitis
Range of pruritus and hair loss
Hot spots
Tapeworm vector
Anemia

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14
Q

What is the significance of rodent fleas?

A

Usually host specific, but will bite dogs/cats if given the opportunity
Vector of Yersinia pestis

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15
Q

What is the typical host of the sticktight flea (echidnophaga gallinacea)

A

Birds -> female stays attached

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16
Q

What is the most medically important species of order phthiraptera? List general characteristics

A

Lice
small, wingless, dorsoventrally flattened, can be white, gray, or brown

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17
Q

What are the two types of lice and what differentiates them?

A

Anoplura: sucking lice, only in mammals
Mallophaga: chewing lice, mammals and birds

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18
Q

Where do lice spend their life cycle? How long does this take

A

Lice spend their entire life cycle on the host with eggs glued to feathers or hairs

Life cycle takes about 4 weeks

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19
Q

How are lice often transmitted?

A

Direct contact or fomites

20
Q

Why would we see an increase of lice in the winter in animals housed outdoors?

A

Animals huddle together, coat and body temp is favorable, potential cause of increased stress

21
Q

Are we concerned about disease spread through lice in the US?

A

No, they are an insignificant vector here

22
Q

In what animals are lice infestations common?

A

Typically seen in food animals, wild birds, and wild mammals

23
Q

What are common features of the order diptera?

A

Adults have 1 pair of membranous wings
Undergo complete metamorphosis
Most have no parasitic stage

24
Q

What is the clinical relevance of Musca domestica (housefly)

A

They aren’t parasites, but can interfere with normal behavior and can serve as mechanical disease vectors

lay eggs in decaying organic material

25
Q

What is the clinical relevance of Musca autumnalis (face fly)

A

Females eat secretions (especially tears) for protein
Eggs laid in FRESH manure
primarily affect ruminants, horses
importance: fly worry, irritation of eye mucosa, transmission of moraxella bovis (pink eye)

26
Q

Where do Haematobia irritans (horn fly) spend their life cycle and what part of the animal do they prefer?

A

Adults are resident parasites that spend all their life on the host
The flies prefer to sit on the dorsum (ventrum when hot) of primarily cattle

27
Q

Where do horn flies lay their eggs and how long does their life cycle typically take?

A

Horn flies lay their eggs in fresh manure, and their life cycle can be complete in 10-12 days

28
Q

What is the clinical significance of the horn fly?

A

They cause fly worry and fly bite dermatitis
They can carry bacteria that cause mastitis
Most important external parasite of cattle in the US

29
Q

What is the life cycle and important of Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly)

A

resemble house fly, important biting fly
Life cycle: visit host 1-2 times a day and bite lower body, legs, and feet, lay eggs in DECAYING matter and takes about 28-30 days to complete cycle

Importance: FW, FBD, not important disease vector

30
Q

What is the life cycle and importance of family Tabanidae (horse, deer fly)

A

Large flies, stout body
Life cycle: lay eggs near water

Importance: annoyance, painful bites, mechanical vector of disease

31
Q

What is the life cycle and importance of culicidae (mosquitoes)?

A

Life cycle: lay eggs in water, variation between species in egg preference

Importance: region is important, FBD, FW, disease vector

32
Q

What is the life cycle and importance of Simuliidae (black flies, buffalo gnats)?

A

Life cycle: lay eggs in rapidly moving water

Importance: intense FW, can cause stampedes, FBD, disease vector, but limited in US (avian hemoprotozoa, EEE, vesicular stomatitis

33
Q

What is the importance and life cycle of Culicoides spp (no-see-ums, midges)?

A

Very tiny (control)
Life cycle: larvae in moist soil or water
Importance: FW, FBD in horses (sweet itch), transmits bluetounge, some nematodes

34
Q

What are distinguishing features of Hippoboscidae? How does this differ from other families?

A

Adults have a flat body, most common species (Melophagus ovinus) is wingless, includes “flat flies.”

Sheep and goat “ked”

35
Q

What are 3 methods of fly control?

A

Mechanical
Manure control
Pesticides

36
Q

What is myiasis?

A

Any infection due to the invasion of the tissues or cavities of the body by dipterous insects

37
Q

What are the two types of myiasis?

A
  1. Cutaneous myiasis: fly strike, maggots
  2. Internal myiasis: grubs, warbles, bots
38
Q

What type of larvae primarily cause fly strike (cutaneous)? What type of parasites are they?

A

Larvae of blow flies (Calliphorids) -> filth flies
Larvae are facultative parasites

39
Q

What is the typically life cycle of fly strike causing larvae?

A

Eggs are laid in decaying organic material, but larvae feed on necrotic material
They pupate on the ground and adult flies emerge

Females are attracted to wound secretions

40
Q

How is myiasis by fly strike larvae typically diagnosed, treated, and prevented?

A

Diagnosis: finding maggots
Treatment: remove maggots
Prevention: wound spray and do procedures before fly season

41
Q

How does fly strike caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax (screw worm) differ from that caused by blow flies?

A

The larvae is an obligate parasite and requires living tissue, producing much more sever disease

Sterile male release program control method

42
Q

What are distinguishing features of fly larvae that cause internal myiasis?

A

larvae are called bots, grubs, and/or warbles
adults are hairy and resemble bees
larvae are OBLIGATE internal parasite, then leaves to pupate in the environment

43
Q

What is the life cycle of Gasterophilus spp. (horse bots)?

A

Eggs are laid on face or legs of equids, eggs hatch and move to mouth where they move to stomach for 10-12 months, pass out in manure and pupate in soil

Adult does not feed

44
Q

What are clinical signs associated with Gasterophilus spp? How is it typically diagnosed and treated?

A

Not very pathogenic, so no specific clinical signs, but there can be rare ulceration or perforation of stomach

Diagnosis: see flies, eggs on legs

Treatment: annual treatment in fall, eggs/larvae removal

45
Q

What is the life cycle of Cuterebra spp. (rodent bot flies)?

A

Common parasite of rodents, rabbits
Eggs laid near burrows, along trails
Larvae is picked up by host, develop in SQ host and then pupate on ground

46
Q

What are clinical signs associated with Cuterebra spp (rodent bot flies)? How is it treated?

A

Clinical signs: lump observed that develops an opening, may lead to secondary infection

Treatment: careful removal

Dogs/Cats may pick up

47
Q

What bugs of veterinary importance make up Order Hemiptera?

A

Bed Bugs (Cimex spp.)
Kissing bugs (triatomid bugs)

DWT Exam 4 (4 decks)

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