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Microbiology PLE By DES > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

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1
Q

Pseudopod-forming nonflagellated protozoa –> Brownian movement

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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2
Q

Most invasive parasite among entamoeba

A

E. Hystolytica

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3
Q

IS of E. Hystolytica

A

Mature cysts

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4
Q

DS of E. Hystolytica in diarrheal stools

A

Trophozoite

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5
Q

DS of E. Hystolytica in non diarrheal stools

A

Cyst

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6
Q

Pathogenesis/ virulence of E. Hystolytica

3

A

Lectin
Amebapores
Cysteine proteases

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7
Q

Mediates adherence in E. Hysolytica

A

Lectin

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8
Q

For penetration in E Hystolytica

A

Amebapores

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9
Q

For cytopathic effect in E hystolytica

A

Cysteine proteases

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10
Q

Dysentery without fever

Flask shaped colon ulcer

A

Amebic colitis

E hystolytica

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11
Q

Granulomatous lesion in the cecal or rectosigmoid

A

Ameboma

E hystolytica

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12
Q

Most common extraintestinal form where you can aspirate an anchovy paste like aspirate

A

Amebic liver abscess in e hystolytica

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13
Q

DOC for asymptomatic carrier of e hystolytica

A

Diloxanide furoate

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14
Q

Tx for amebic colitis

A

Metronidazole

Tinidazole

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15
Q

Tx for amebic liver abscess

A

Metronidazole

Tinidazole

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16
Q

Flagellate that leaves in duodenum, jejunum and upper ileum

A

Giardia lamblia

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17
Q

Falling leaf motility

A

G lamblia

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18
Q

IS of giardia lamblia

A

Cysts

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19
Q

Trophozoite is pear shaped with 2 nuclei, 4 pairs of flagella and a suction disk with which it attaches to intestinal wall

A

Giardia lamblia

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20
Q

Ultimately leads to enterocyte apoptosis

A

G lamblia

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21
Q

In acute infection there is an watery foul smelling diarrhea
Excessive flatus, smelling like rotten eggs
No fever and non bloody

A

G lamblia

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22
Q

There is steatorrhea in chronic infection

A

G lamblia

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23
Q

String test

A

G lamblia

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24
Q

Opportunistic infection in intestinal protozoa that undergoes schizogony and gametogeny

A

Cryptosporidium hominis / parvum

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25
Q

Mode of transmission of E. Hystolytica, G. Lamblia and C. Hominis/ Parvum

A

Fecal-oral

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26
Q

IS of c parvum/hominis

A

Thicked wall oocysts

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27
Q

Uses modified Kinyouon acid fasts tain for thick walled oocyst

A

C hominis/ parvum

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28
Q

What site in c parvum infection is most heavily infested?

A

Jejunum

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29
Q

Self limited non bloody diarrhea in immunocompromised patients

A

C parvum/ hominis

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30
Q

DOC for immunocompetent patients with c hominis

A

Nitazoxanide

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31
Q

Tx for immunocompromised pts with c hominis infx

A

None

But paromycin may be helpful in reducing the diarrhea

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32
Q

Tx for HIV patients with c hominis infx

A

HAART

Highly activated antiretroviral therapy

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33
Q

Only ciliated protozoan that causes humann disease (diarrhea)

A

Balantidium coli

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34
Q

Largest protozoan parasite of humas

A

Balantidium coli

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35
Q

IS of balantidium coli

A

Cysts

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36
Q

Extraintestinal lesion DOES NOT occur

A

Balantidium coli

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37
Q

Tx of choice for balantidium coli

A

Tetracycline

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38
Q

Urogenital protozoa that exists only as trophozoite

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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39
Q

Pear shaped flagellated tropozoite with jerky motion

Cannot exist outside human cuz it cannot form cysts

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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40
Q

Mode of transmission for T. Vaginalis

A

Sexual intercourse

Pingpong transmission

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41
Q

IS for t. Vaginalis

A

Trophozoite

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42
Q

What disease that has watery, foul smelling, greenish discharge accompanied by itching and burning

A

Trichomoniasis

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43
Q

Morphologically similar to e. Hystolytica but their DNA ribosomal RNA are different

A

Entomoeba dispar

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44
Q

Similar to e. Hystolytica but is much smaller and does not ingest RBC

A

E. Hartmanni

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45
Q

Parasite of pigs and monkey

Cysts is uninucleated

A

Entomoeba polecki

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46
Q

Most important parasitic disease in man

A

Plamodium species

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47
Q

What is the mosquito in plasmodium

A

Anopheles minimus flavirostris

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48
Q

IS of plasmodium

A

Sporozoites

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49
Q

DS of plasmodium

A

Trophozoite (ring forms)

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50
Q

Diagnostic test for malaria

A

Thick and thin smears with giemsa stain

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51
Q

Thick smear is to

A

Screen for presence of organism

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52
Q

Identification of species

What smear to use?

A

Thin smear

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53
Q

When to take blood samples where in there is highest yield in malaria

A

During fever

2-3 hours after peak

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54
Q

People with RBC defects (G6PD def, sickle cell) are protected against

A

P. Falciparum / malaria

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55
Q

Black water fever

A

Malaria

Acute renal failure

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56
Q

What do you call the Recurrence of symptoms after temporary abatement (2-4 weeks)

A

Recrudescence

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57
Q

Recrudescence is seen in

A

P. Falciparum and P. Malariae

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58
Q

What do you call the Return of disease after its apparent cessation (1-6 mos) due to reactivation of hypnozoites?

A

Relapse

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59
Q

Relapse is seen in

A

P. Ovale/ P. Vivax

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60
Q

Infected RBC with 1-2 small chromatin dots

A

P. Falciparum

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61
Q

Infected RBC with presence of ring form stage only

A

P. Falciparum

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62
Q

Infected RBC with presence of band form stages

A

P. Malariae

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63
Q

Asexual cycle of P malariae

A

72 hours

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64
Q

Asexual cycle of p falciparum, p vivax, p ovale

A

48 hours

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65
Q

Benign tertian periodicity

A

P vivax, p ovale

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66
Q

Benign quartan

A

P malriae

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67
Q

Malignant tertian

A

P falciparum

68
Q

Rbc preference: all ages

A

P falciparum

69
Q

Rbc preference: old rbc

A

P malariae

70
Q

Rbc preference: young rbc

A

P vivax

P ovale

71
Q

Highest parasitemia in blood and tissue protozoa

A

P falciparum

72
Q

Lowest parasitemia in blood and tissue protozoa

A

P malariae

73
Q

Gametocyte: banana-shaped

A

P falciparum

74
Q

Gametocyte: Small round

A

P ovale

75
Q

Gametocyte: compact

A

P malariae

76
Q

Gametocyte: large round

A

P vivax

77
Q

Malarial dots: schuffner

A

P vivax, p ovale

78
Q

Malarial dots: maurer

A

P falciparum

79
Q

Malarial dots: ziemann

A

P malariae

80
Q

Malarial dots: punctate granulations

A

Schuffner

81
Q

Malarial dots: coarse granulation

A

Maurer

82
Q

Malarial dots: Fine dots ziemann

A

P malariae

83
Q

Tx for P ovale and P vivax infection

A

Chloroquine + Primaquine

84
Q

tx for Uncomplicated infections with chloroquine resistant falciparum

A

Quinine + doxycycline/ clindamycin

85
Q

Chloroquine resistance

A

Mefloquine + Doxycycline

86
Q

Eradication of hypnozoites

A

Primaquine

87
Q

Severe cases or pregnant

A

Quinidine or quinine

88
Q

Domestic cat is the definitive host

A

Toxoplasma gondii

89
Q 
Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii
#2
A

Ingestion of cysts in raw meat or contaminated food

Transplacentally

90
Q

IS in Toxoplasma gondii

A

Fecal oocytst

91
Q

DS for Toxoplasma gondii

A

Trophozoite (bradyzoites)

92
Q

What microscopic examination is used in Toxoplasma gondii which shows a cresent shaped trophozoites

A

Toxoplasma gondii

93
Q

Some resemble infectious mononucleosis

What disease?

A

Toxoplasmosis

94
Q

Found on MRI of immunocompromised patient with toxoplasmosis

A

Multiple ring-enhancing lesions

95
Q

Tx of choice for Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

96
Q

Tx for toxoplasmosis in pts who cannot receive sulfa drugs

A

Clindamycin added to pyrimethamine

97
Q

Leishmaniasis is due to a bite of

A

Female sandfly

Of the genus phlebotomus or lutzomyia

98
Q

IS for lesihmania

A

Promastigote

99
Q

DS for leishmania

A

Amastigote

100
Q

3 types of leishmaniasis

A

Cutaneous
Mucocutaneous
Visceral

101
Q

Causative agent for cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

L. Brazillensis

102
Q

Causative agent for visceral leishmaniasis

A

L. Donovani

103
Q

Local name for cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Oriental sore

104
Q

Local name for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Espundia

105
Q

Local name for visceral leishmaniasis

A

Kala-azar

106
Q

Conventional therapy for leishmaniasis

A

Sodium stibogluconate

Pentavalate antimonial

107
Q 
2nd line agent for leishmaniasis
#2
A

Amphotericin B

Pentamidine

108
Q

Protozoa due to a bite of ixodes tick

A

Babesia microti

Same with borreliia burgdorferi of lyme dse

109
Q

Maltese cross in giemsa stained blood smears

A

Babesia microti

110
Q

Disease caused by a protozoan where in asplenic patients are affected more severely

A

Babesiosis

111
Q

DS for cyclospora cayatenensis

A

Spherical oocysts in a modified acid fast stain of a stool sample

112
Q

Tx for cyclospora cayetanensis

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

113
Q

IS of isospora belli

A

Oocyst

114
Q

Tx for isospora belli

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

115
Q

This protozoa ha 4 forms: amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote

A

Trypanosoma cruzii

116
Q

Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzii

A

Reduviid bag
Kissing bug
Triatoma or cone nose
Painless bite

117
Q

IS of Trypanosoma cruzii

A

Metacyclic trypomastigote

118
Q

DS of Trypanosoma cruzii

A

Trypomastigote

119
Q

Xenodiagnosis as one of the lab dx for

A

Trypanosoma cruzii

120
Q

What is the most severely and frequently affected tissue in trypanosomiasis

A

Cardiac muscle

121
Q

Chaga’s disease or american trypanosomiasis

A

Trypanosoma cruzii

122
Q

Chagoma

A

Trypanosoma cruzii

123
Q

Unilateral palpebral swelling or Romana’s sign

A

Trypanosoma cruzii

124
Q

Drug of choice for Trypanosoma cruzii

A

Nifurtimox

Alternative: Benznidazole

125
Q

It has only 2 forms: epimastigote, trypomastigote

A

Trypanosoma brucei

126
Q

Transmission of Trypanosoma brucei

A

Tsetsefly

Painful bite

127
Q

IS for Trypanosoma brucei

A

Metacyclic trypomastigote

128
Q

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is transmitted by

A

Glossina papalis or riverine tsetse

129
Q

Causes dse along water courses in west africa

A

Tryposoma brucei gambiense

130
Q

Found in the arid regios of east africa

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

131
Q

Transmitted by glossina morsitans or savannah tsetse

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

132
Q

There is a cyclical fever spike

A

Trypanosoma brucei

133
Q

Winterbottom’s sign
Kerandel’s sign
In what disease?

A

African trypanosomiasis or african sleeping sickness
Winterbottom’s sign - enlargement of posterior cervical lymph nodes
Kerandel’s sign - deep hyperesthesia

134
Q

Most common protist in soil

A

Acanthamoeba castellani

135
Q

Carried in eyes during trauma

A

Acanthamoeba castellani

136
Q

IS of Acanthamoeba castellani

A

Trophozoites

137
Q

Most common disease associated with acanthamoeba infection

A

Keratitis

138
Q

Tx for Acanthamoeba castellani

A

Pentamidine
Ketoconazole
Flucytosine

139
Q

Most common parasite that contaminates contact lenses

A

Acanthamoeba castellani

140
Q

Transmitted by swimming in freshwater lakes

A

Naegleria fowleri

141
Q

IS of Naegleria fowleri

A

Trophozoites

142
Q

Trophozoites can penetrate nasal mucosa and cribriform plate

A

Naegleria fowleri

143
Q

Tx for Naegleria fowleri

A

Amphoterin B

144
Q

Toxin involved in paralytic syndrome of shellfish poisoning

A

Saxitoxin

15 mins

145
Q

Neurotoxic syndrome in shellfish poisoning

A

Brevetoxin

15 mins

146
Q

Diarrhetic syndrome in shellfish poisoning

A

Okadaic acid

30 mins

147
Q

Amnesic syndrome in shellfish poisoning

A

Domoic acid

30 mins

148
Q

Tx for shellfish poisoning

A

Gastric lavage with activated charcoal

149
Q

Improve muscle weakness in shellfish poisoning

A

Neostigmine and endrophonium

150
Q

Site affected in echinococcus granulosus

A

Liver

151
Q

Tx for echinococcus granulosus

A

Albendazole

152
Q

Transmission: schistosoma japonicum

A

Penetrate skin

153
Q

Transmission: pargonimus westermani

A

Ingested raw crab

154
Q

Transmission: clonorchis sinensis

A

Ingested raw fish

155
Q

Ascariasis

Specie?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

156
Q

Hookworm

Species?

A

Ancylosotoma duodenale

Necator americanus

157
Q

Whipworm

Specie?

A

Trichuris trichiura

158
Q

Pinworm

Specie?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

159
Q

Filariasis

Species?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

160
Q

Trichonosis

Specie?

A

Trichinella spiralis

161
Q

Transmission is thru larval penetration of skin

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

Ancylosotoma duodenale

162
Q

Tx for trichuris trichiura/ whipworm

A

Mebendazole

163
Q

Tx for pinworm

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Pyrantel pamoate

164
Q

Tx for trichinella spiralis

A

Thiabendazole

165
Q

Cestode that has 4 suckers and circle of hooks arranged arpund a rostellum

A

Taenia solium

166
Q

Gravid proglottids of Taenia solium has how many branches?

A

5-10

Microbiology PLE By DES (1 decks)

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