Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

POD 3 > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

How does ascaris lumbricoides infect?

A

children ingest eggs from contaminated soil, hatch in small intestine, larva penetrate intestine and get to the lung, and then back to small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the clinical presentation of ascaris (round worm)?

A

pneumonitis-like condition with eosinophilia (Loffler’s syndrome)
can cause blockages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What else is transmitted by ascaris eggs?

A

dientamoeba flagilis and pinworm eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is ascaris diagnosed and treated?

A

stool for opx3

albendazole and mebendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis) transmitted?

A 
dog poop (kids eat dirt contaminated with the eggs)
hatch in the small intestine, travel to liver, then lungs (eggs are not produced in humans)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the clinical presentation of visceral larva migrans?

A 
retinal lesion (resembles retinoblastoma)
asthma like attacks (elevated eosinophils)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is visceral larva migrans diagnosed and treated?

A

diagnosed with ELISA

treat with albendazole and mebendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is whipworm (trichuriasis) transmitted?

A

ingesting eggs in soil, take up residence in large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of whipworm?

A

abdominal discomfort

can lead to rectal prolapse (high parasite load)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is whipworm diagnosed and treated?

A

barrel shaped eggs, no elevation in eosinophils

treat with mebendazole and albendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the capillariasis egg resemble?

A

trichuriasis

capillariasis found in the Philippines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What causes angiostrongyliasis and what does it cause?

A

snails or slugs
causes human eosinophilic meningitis
can also cause RLQ pain like appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What form causes hookworm and how does it infect?

A

filariform larvae penetrate bare skin

goes to lungs and then the stomach/small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of hookworm?

A

Loffler’s syndrome

hypochromic anemia-tired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is hookworm diagnosed and treated?

A

diagnosed with microscopic examination of stool
mebendazole and albendazole
ivermectin or pyrantel pamoate can also be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes cutaneous larva migrans and how does it present clinically?

A

non-human hookworm that causes a red larva track that moves slowly
treat with albendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does strongyloidiasis infect?

A

larvae from contaminated food or water or in feces transmitted by sexual activity, also breast milk
entry through feet lung and eventually to small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which organisms are capable of autoinfection?

A

pinworm
strongyloides
capillaria
hymenolepsis nana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of strongyloides?

A

Loffler’s syndrome
larva currens-fast moving
hyperinfection with dissemination can cause hyperinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is strongyloides diagnosed and treated?

A

blood eosinophil
larvae not eggs in the stool
PCR or EIA
can be treated with Ivermectin or Albendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is pinworm transmitted?

A

humans are only host

fecal to oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the clinical manifestation of pinworm?

A

intense itching (particularly at night)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is pinworm diagnosed and treated?

A

scotch tape test

everyone in family must be treated with mebendazole or albendazole (pyrantel pamoate alsoe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is trichinellosis transmitted?

A

undercooked meat from domestic pigs, bear, or wild boar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the life cycle of trichinella?
intestinal phase-mucosal irritation | muscle-invades masseters, diaphragm, gastrocnemius
26
How is trichinellosis diagnosed and treated?
muscle biopsy | treated with steroids and mebendazole
27
What are the adequate temperatures for cooking pig?
below -15 and above 77
28
How is scabies transmitted and what is different about Norwegian scabies?
skin to skin contact through infective mites (female mite burrows) Norwegian-hyperinfestation and immunodeficient individuals
29
What is the clinical manifestation of scabies?
intense itching, especially at night
30
How can scabies be diagnosed?
apply blank ink and wipe off looking for the ink to remain in the burrow
31
How is scabies treated?
ivermectin or permethrin
32
What is the side effect for lindane?
aplastic anemia
33
What are the characteristics of lice?
physical contact results in itchy scalp nits are hard to remove (attached at angle on the shaft of hair)
34
What is the first choice treatment for lice?
permethrin
35
How are crab louse transmitted, described, and treated?
sexual contact moving freckles permethrin or malathion
36
What is tungiasis?
Central and South America jigger flea infestation causing white papule with central dark dot on feet
37
How is myiasis transmitted?
``` tumbu fly (Africa) or bot fly (Central America) female captures mosquito and glues eggs to abdomen, larva into hole in host skin and burrows ```
38
What is the clinical manifestation of myiasis?
nodule with central opening for breathing | petroleum jelly or meat can be applied over the pore to bring it to the surface
39
What attracts bed bugs?
carbon dioxide and warmth | bite only at night
40
How can parasitophobia be treated?
ORAP (pimozide) or olanzapine
41
How is Chagas transmitted?
bug bites man, takes a dump, man rubs in the feces (reduvid bugs) can cross the placenta
42
How does Chagas present clinically?
Romana sign-unilateral swelling RBBB megacolon and megaesophagus
43
How can Chagas be diagnosed?
blood films | xeno-diagnosis
44
What is the treatment for Chagas?
nifurtimox and benznidazole
45
What causes African sleeping sickness?
tsetse fly
46
What is the difference between Gambian and Rhodesian sleeping sickness?
Gambian-slower, enlarged lymph nodes | Rhodesian-from bushbuck, faster onset
47
What is the clinical manifestation of sleeping sickness?
boil delayed sensation to pain (Kerandel sign) Winterbottom sign-Gambian only
48
How is sleeping sickness diagnosed?
Mot cells in CSF | xeno-diagnosis
49
How is sleeping sickness treated?
suramin
50
How is leishmaniasis transmitted?
bite of sandfly | phelbotomus or lutzomyia
51
How do the lesions for cutaneous differ globally?
dry in Middle East | wet in New World
52
Where would you aspirate from in a leishmaniasis lesion?
margin of ulcer
53
What form causes musculocutaneous leishmaniasis?
Brazilienis | leads to tapir nose
54
What are the characteristics of visceral leishmaniasis?
enlarged spleen and liver gray color ans sores low white count
55
How is leismaniasis treated?
stibogluconate sodium or liposomal ampho B
56
How can malaria be transmitted?
blood transfusions, IV drug abuse, mother to fetus
57
Which forms of malaria are most common?
vivax and falciparum
58
What forms a protection from malaria?
``` sickle trait melanesian ovalocytosis G6PD deficiency thalassemia duffy negative (particularly for vivax) ```
59
What is the life cycle of malaria?
female anopheles carries sporozoites | invade heaptocytes and release as merozoites and then infect RBC
60
Which forms of malaria can become dormant? What can they be treated with?
vivax and ovale | treat with primaquine
61
What are the clinical characteristics of malaria?
cyclic fever and chills (not in falciparum) falciparum-flu like can lead to hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis severe anemia
62
Which form causes microvascular sequestration?
falciparum | leads to seizures (high cause of mortality in pregnancy)
63
How is malaria diagnosed?
thick and thin blood smears
64
How is malaria treated?
chloroquine in Central America (psoriasis flare) malarone mefloquine-paranoia doxy-can lead to vaginal yeast infection
65
When should you hospitalize a patient with malaria?
greater than 3% or falciparum
66
When can artemesinin be used?
uncomplicated falciparum
67
What causes babesiosis?
bite of tick | common in NE and WI
68
How can babesiosis be diagnosed?
Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood smears
69
How is babesiosis treated?
clina and quinine or atovaquone and azithro
70
What is suppressive therapy?
elimination of parasite responsible for acute symptoms
71
What is the clinical cure?
removal of all parasites from blood
72
What is the radical cure?
elimination of all parasites from blood
73
What is causes resistance to chloroquine?
pfcrt gene-codes for trnasport protein in membrane of acidic vacuole
74
What is a risk of primaquine treatment?
must check for G6PD before treatment
75
What is a side effect of quinine treatment?
tinnitus (cinchonism)
76
What is the MOA for pyrimethanmine?
irreversibly inhibits DHF reductase
77
What is a side effect of metronidazole? When is it used?
amebiasis | causes alcohol intolerance
78
What is the MOA for mebendazole?
inhibits tubulin
79
What is the MOA for Ivermectin?
GABA receptor agonist causing paralysis
80
What is the MOA of pyrantel pamoate?
depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

POD 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions