parasitology

Question 0

what is the best method for large scale reduction of parasitic disease?

Answer 0

vector control

Question 1

what are vectors

Answer 1

organisms that transmit pathogens from one infected person to another

Question 2

which disease is caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi bacteria

Answer 2

Chagas’ disease - uses triatome bug as a vector

Question 3

which pathogen causes Bubonic plague

Answer 3

Yersinia pestis bacteria through fleas

Question 4

which disease uses Aedes mosquitoes as a vector

Answer 4

flavivirus which causes dengue fever

Question 5

Lyme disease is spread via ticks, but what is it also known as and which bacteria cause it

Answer 5

AKA Ehrlichiosis
ehrlichia spp
Borrelia spp

Question 6

Leishmaniasis is spread by which vector?

Answer 6

the sand fly

Question 7

which pathogen causes malaria

Answer 7

plasmodium spp

Question 8

the blackfly acts as a vector for which disease?

Answer 8

onchoceriosis (onchocera volvulus)

Question 9

the Tsetse fly acts as a vector for which disease?

Answer 9

Sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei

Question 10

Typhus is caused by which pathogen

Answer 10

Rickettsia spp using lice/ticks as a vector

Question 11

yellow fever is spread by which pathogen?

Answer 11

flavivirus using aedes mosquito as a vector

Question 12

which drug is recommended for treating the first stage of sleeping sickness?

Answer 12

pentamidine

suramin also but causes allergic reaction and has undesirable effects on the urinary tract

Question 13

which drugs are recommended for the treatment of the second stage of sleeping sickness

Answer 13

melarsoprol - derived from arsenic and many undesirable side effects

eflornithine

Question 14

what agents can be used to treat Chagas’ disease?

Answer 14

benznidazole and nifurtimox

efficacy diminishes the longer a person has been infected

Question 15

define parasitism

Answer 15

interaction is beneficial to microbes and harmful to man

Question 16

define host

Answer 16

the organism in (or on) which the parasite lives and causes harm

Question 17

define intermediate host

Answer 17

the organism where a parasite lives during a period of development only

Question 18

define definitive host

Answer 18

the organism where the adult/sexually mature parasite lives

Question 19

define zoonosis

Answer 19

parasitic disease which normally affects animals (but can also affect man)

Question 20

define endoparasite

Answer 20

a parasite that lives within another living organism

Question 21

define ectoparasite

Answer 21

parasite that lives on the external surface of another living organism

Question 22

what is the difference between protozoa and metazoa

Answer 22

protozoa are unicellular and metazoa are multicellular (arthropods/helminths)

Question 23

what are the 4 classifications of protozoa (according to their methods of locomotion)

Answer 23

1. Amoebas
2. Flagellates
3. Ciliates
4. Apicomplexans

Question 24

how do amoebas move/feed

Answer 24

some have flagella but normally by pseudopodia

Question 25

how do flagellates move?

Answer 25

by one or more flagella
egs include
Giardia
Trypanosome

Question 26

how do ciliates move

Answer 26

at some (not all) stages of lifecycle move via rows of cilia, rarely infect humans eg balantidium coli

Question 27

define apicomplexans

Answer 27

obligate intracellular pathogens which (in adult stages) lack any visible means of locomotion. At some stages move via an apical complex.
egs:
plasmodium
cryptosporidium

Question 28

what are the main protozoal infections in the UK

Answer 28

toxoplasmosis and cryptosporidiosis