Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immuno Parasites > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

0
Q

How is pinworm transmitted?

A

Ingestion of eggs; direct person to person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Pinworm is also called _____

A

Enterobius vermicularius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pinworm definitive host? Intermediate host?

A

Definitive host: Humans

Intermediate host: Not needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe pinworm life cycle

A

Female comes out at night and emerges from anus; lays up to 20,000 eggs. Perianal scratching and transfer to mouth -> auto-reinfection. Eggs in bedclothes easily transmitted to others, eggs swallowed, hatch in intestines. Adults mate and migrate to COLON.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What immunity is present with pinworm?

A

None; reinfection is possible and common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you diagnose pinworm?

A

Persistent perianal itch, restlessness, insomnia

Observation of eggs, scotch tape test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Whipworm is also known as:

A

Trichuris trichiura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Whipworm definitive host?

A

Humans only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is whipworm transmitted?

A

Ingestion of embryonated eggs

NO DIRECT PERSON TO PERSON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain the whipworm life cycle

A

Eggs swallowed, hatch in intestine, adults mate and migrate to colon (just like PINWORMS!)

Adults attach in colon, larvae passed in feces (3,000 - 20,000), eggs mature in soil for about 10 days. (OBLIGATE SOIL TIME)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you diagnose whipworm?

A

Only way is by eggs in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pathology of whipworm is based on _____ and leads to _____

A

Worm burden.
Low - moderate: none, bleeding, bacteremia
High: disrupted colonic mucosa, blood stool, prolapse, anemia
Heavy burden: in children, leads to impaired growth cognitive ability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the features of Ascariasis? Location, host, transmission?

A

Location: Adults free in upper intestine
Definitive host: humans
Transmission: ingestion of eggs from soil, NO DIRECT PERSON TO PERSON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain life cycle of ascariasis

A

Eggs swallowed, larvae hatch and invade intestinal mucosa, enter venous circulation to the lungs (coughed up and swallowed again)

Mature and mate in small intestine, females lay 200,000 eggs/day, passed in feces, OBLIGATE SOIL TIME, eggs mature in soil for 3 weeks and swallowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you diagnose ascariasis?

A

Eggs in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pathology of ascariasis?

A

Usually none with low/moderate worm burden
Heavy worm loads can lead to intestinal obstruction
*Stressed worms can migrate to nose, ear, peritoneal, through body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hookworms are also known as:

A 
Necator americanus (global)
Ancylostoma duodenale (asia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hookworms location, definitive host, transmission?

A

Location: small intestine
Definitive host: humans
Transmission: invasive skin in contact with soil, NO DIRECT PERSON TO PERSON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe hookworm life cycle

A

Larvae invade skin, goes to circulation, lodges in lungs. Larvae is coughed up and swallowed, matures to adults in intestines, eggs in feces matures in soil to larva and then infectious larva

19
Q

How do you diagnose hookworms?

A

Anemia, confirmed by eggs in stool

20
Q

Hookworm pathology?

A

Initial pruritis at penetration sites
Can cause bronchitis, pulmonary systems
Exsanguination, anemia
Reduced mental and physical development in children

21
Q

Which parasite would you want to give shoes to people as a prevention method?

A

Hookworms, strongyloides

22
Q

Strongyloides is also called:

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

23
Q

Strongyloides location, definitive host, transmission?

A

Small intestine, humans, filariform larvae penetrates skin

24
Q

Strongyloides life cycle?

A

3 alternatives

(1) DIRECT/NO AMPLIFICATION: similar to hookworms, except it’s larvae in feces, not eggs
(2) INDIRECT/ENVIRONMENTAL AMPLIFICATION: sexual reproduction in soil -> eggs/larvae in soil
(3) AUTOINFECTION/HOST AMPLIFICATION: larvae mature in host, enter through colonic mucosa or perianal skin

25
Q

How do you diagnose strongyloides?

A

Larvae in stool or sputum

Eggs not seen in fecal specimens

26
Q

Would you see strongyloides eggs in fecal specimens?

A

No; you see eggs in hookworms, NOT strongyloides

27
Q

Trichinosis organism is:

A

Trichinella spiralis

28
Q

Trichinella location, definitive host, incidental host, transmission?

A

Location: adults in intestine, larvae in muscle
Definitive host: meat eating mammals (bears, swine)
Incidental host: humans are dead end hosts
Transmission: raw/undercooked meat (pork) containing encysted larvae

29
Q

Trichinella life cycle?

A

Eat undercooked meat (pork) containing encysted larvae, larvae released to gastric environment, adults develop, male dies, female lives and embeds into mucosa.

LIVE larvae birthed (no eggs), female dies, larvae enter lymphatics/blood, encyst in muscle, larvae develop into encapsulated spiral, viable up to 10 YEARS

30
Q

How do you diagnose trichinosis?

A

Eosinophilia, periorbital edema, myositis, fever

31
Q

Which parasite do you find proglottids in feces?

A

Taenia solium

32
Q

What are the two flagellated protoza we learned? Also called kinetoplastid

A

Leishmania and Trypanosoma

33
Q

How is leishmania transmitted and its reservoir?

A

Vector/sandfly

Reservoir: wild and domestic animals, in india humans are reservoir for L. major

34
Q

Where are infections caused by Leishmania?

A

Cutaneous: starts as bump -> lesion, spontaneous healing, strain-specific immunity
Mucocutaneous: metastasis months to years after primary lesion heals, ulceration of nasopharynx tissues, chemotherapeutic cure leads to immunity
Visceral: onset at 2-12 months, fever and wasting, splenomegaly/hepatomegaly, chemotherapeutic cure leads to immunity

35
Q

Giemsa stain is used to diagnosis which parasites?

A

Leishmania and malaria

36
Q

Which strain of plasmodium causes cerebral malaria?

A

P. falciparum

37
Q

Other than cerebral malaria, plasmodium causes:

A

RDS
Acute respiratory failure
Anemia

38
Q

Which strains of plasmodium causes anemia? Through what mechanism?

A

F. plasmodium and F. vivax

  • increased rate of removal of UNinfected RBC from circulation
  • suppression of erythropoiesis
  • etc
39
Q

What methods are there to diagnose malaria? Specifically for P. falciparum?

A

Microscopic: Geimsa stain of thin and thick smears
Non-microscopic: Rapid dipstick immunoassay, PCR

Falciparum: microscope - multiple rings per RBC, no trophozoites or schizonts, banana shaped gametocytes

40
Q

Describe immunity to malaria

A 
Slow to develop (requires multiple infection)
Short lived (lost when leaving endemic area)
Easily reinfected (return to endemic area)
41
Q

The tsetse fly is able to transmit disease through most of Africa. True or false?

A

False. Only in 36 sub-saharan African countries due to vector control and the tsetse fly’s low reproductive rate

42
Q

A patient comes in with lymphadenopathy, enlarged lymph nodes, on his back. This is also called _______ sign and is an indication of ______.

A

Winterbottom’s sign; african typanosomiasis

43
Q

Which strain of trypanosoma brucei develops quicker?

A

T. brucei gambiense is chronic, with a human reservoir

T. brucei rhodesiense is rapid (1-4 weeks), wild game reservoir

44
Q

What causes Chagas’ disease?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

45
Q

What is the reservoir for Trypanosoma cruzi? Transmission?

A

Rats, cats, dogs, opposums, etc. Lots.

Transmission: vector/reduvid bugs, transfusion, transplanation, IV drug use

46
Q

What is a distinct clinical sign of Chagas/Trypanosoma cruzi?

A

Romano’s sign; reduvid bug bit near eye/soft tissue

Immuno Parasites (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions