Parasitology 14: Arthropods 2

Question 1

What life stages of fleas are parasitic?

Answer 1

Adults

Question 2

What life stages of lice are parasitic?

Answer 2

All life stages

Question 3

What life stages of mosquitos are parasitic?

Answer 3

Female adults

Question 4

What life stages of flies are parasitic?

Answer 4

Biting adults

Larvae

species dependent

Question 5

What is the order that is talking about flies?

Answer 5

Diptera

Question 6

Diptera body description?

Answer 6

Adults 1 pair of membranous wings

Question 7

What metamorphosis do Diptera have?

Answer 7

Complex

Question 8

What metamorphosis do Diptera have?

Answer 8

Complex

Question 9

Do diptera have parasitic stage?

Answer 9

Most do NOT

Question 10

Musca domestica (house fly) are they parasites?

Answer 10

No they are not parasites

They can serve as disease vectors (mechanical)

Short life span- 2 weeks

Question 11

Musca autumnalis (face fly)

Answer 11

female eat secretions (espicially tears) for proteins

eggs laid in fresh manure

Primarily affect ruminants and horses

Question 12

What is the importance of Musca autumnalis?

Answer 12

fly worry

irritation of eye mucosa

transmit moraxella bovis

Question 13

Haematobia iiritans (horn fly)

Answer 13

small flies, sit on dorsum of cattle

adults are resident parasites- spend all their life on the host

eggs: fresh manure

life cycle= 10-12 days

Question 14

What is the importance of Haematobia irritans?

Answer 14

FW, FBD

may carry bacteria causing mastitis

MOST important external parasite of cattle in the US

Question 15

Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly)

Answer 15

Looks like the house fly

one of the most important biting flies, espicially around barns or stable

Life cycle=
-visits host 1-2 times/day
-prefers to bite lower body, feet legs of livestock
-lay eggs in decaying organic material prefer horse feces
-duration: about 28-30 days

Like to sit on legs

Question 16

What is the importance stomoxy calcitrans

Answer 16

FW, FBD

Not as important disease vector in the US

Question 17

Family Tabanidae (horse, deer fly)

Answer 17

Big flies, big eyes, stout body

deer flies often have stripped wings

Life cycle=
lay eggs near water

only females feed on blood–come every 3 days

Question 18

What is the importance of Family Tabanidae?

Answer 18

Annoyance, very painful bites

Excellent mechanical vectors of diseases

Question 19

Culicidae (mosquitos)

Answer 19

small, long body, wings and mouth parts

life cycle=
-eggs laid in water
-wide variation in species preferences for egg
add**

Question 20

Simuliidae

Answer 20

Black flie, buffalo gnats (humped-backed)

eggs laid in rapidly maving water

intense FW: can interrupt feeding, cause stampedes in large numbers

FBD
add*

Question 21

Culicoides spp.

Answer 21

Tiny flies

larvae in moist soil or water

FW

FBD add**

Transmit bluetongue in ruminants, some nematodes

Question 22

Hippoboscidae

Answer 22

Odd family of bloodsuckling flies

adults usually have flat looking body

domestic animals: sheep and goats
add**

Question 23

Fly control - large animals

Answer 23

Mechnical
-window screens, doors
-fly sheets and masks for horses

Manure
-get rid of it
-feed through pesticides
-parasitic wasps (parasitoid)

Pesticides
-Food animals: dust bags, back rubbers, ear tags (cattle), pour-on
-Horses: sprays, pour-on

Question 24

Myiasis

Answer 24

Any infection due to the invasion of the tissue or cavities of the body by the larvae of dipterous insects

Question 25

2 types Myiasis are?

Answer 25

Cutaneous: fly strike, maggots

Subcutaneous: add**

Question 26

Fly strike (Myiasis)

Answer 26

CAused by larvae of blow flies () and some others

Blow flies are filth flies, with a bright and metallic color (green, purple, blue), house fly looking

Larvae common called maggots

Facultative parasites

Question 27

What is the life cycle of Myiasis (fly strike)

Answer 27

eggs laid in decaying organic material

Larvae feed on necrotic material

pupate on ground, adult flies emerge

females also attracted by secretion add**

Question 28

Myiasis fly strike Diagnosis?

Answer 28

By finding maggots
animal may be depressed from toxemia

Question 29

The treatment of myiasis fly strike?

Answer 29

remove maggots

Question 30

Prevention of myiasis fly strike?

Answer 30

Wound spray in fly season

castrate, dehorn, be careful and do before fly season

Question 31

Fly strike- Screwworm

Answer 31

Cochliomyisa hominivorax

Only in western hemisphere

different from other fly strike

Obligate parasites : require living tissues

Producers much more severe disease

Eradicated from the US by sterile male release program

Notifiable disease: if suspect, send sample to regulatory vets

Question 32

Cochliomyia hominivorax outbreak

Answer 32

2018

outbreak controlled used massive sterile flies

Question 33

Internal myiasis?

Answer 33

Fly larvae called bots, grubs and/or warbles

adult hairy, look like bees

adults don’t feed, short life span

larva is obligate internal parsite

larva the leaves host, add**

Question 34

Gasterophilus spp (Horse bots)

Answer 34

common equine parasite

adults has small, nonfunctional mouths parts and does not feed

eggs laid on face and legs of equids

eggs hatch, move into mouth

migrate add**

Question 35

Gasterophilus sppx

Clinical signs
Diagnosis
Treatment

Answer 35

add**

Question 36

Rodent bot flies (myiasis)

Answer 36

Cuterebra spp. life cycle=
parasite of rodents, rabbits

eggs laid near burrows or along trails

larva picked by rodents and rabbits add**

Question 37

Cutebra add**

Answer 37

add**