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PMLS FINALS > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

What is parasite?

A

Any organism that depends on another organism for shelter and nourishment

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2
Q

What are the types of host?

A

Definitive host
Intermediate host

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3
Q

Organism that supports the parasite

A

Host

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4
Q

Definitive host or Intermediate host?

Host that undergoes sexual reproduction.

A

Definitive Host

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5
Q

True or False

Intermediate Host harbors the larval form or sexually

A

False

Intermediate Host harbors the larval form or ASEXUALLY

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6
Q

A type of Host that harbors the adult stage of the parasite.

A

Definitive host

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7
Q

A type of host that harbors the larval form

A

Intermediate host

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8
Q

It is how a parasite successfully enters a susceptible host.

A

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

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9
Q

Difference between pathogenic and non-pathogenic parasite?

A

PATHOGENIC PARASITES
- Disease-causing

NON PATHOGENIC PARASITES
- Do not harm the host

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10
Q

Any parasite that causes disease is referred as?

A

A Pathogenic Parasite

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11
Q

Any parasite that do not harm the host is referred as?

A

A non-pathogenic parasite

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12
Q

Difference between Endoparasite and Ectoparasite?

A

ENDOPARASITE
- Found inside the body of a host
- Infection
- More problematic and require special specimen prep
Ex: (Tapeworms)

ECTOPARASITE
- Thrive externally on a host
- Infestation
- Grossly macroscopic

Ex:(Lice and fleas)

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13
Q

Endoparasite vs Ectoparasite

Grossly macroscopic?

A

Ectoparasite

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14
Q

Endoparasite vs Ectoparasite

Requires special specimen and is more problematic

A

Endoparasite

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15
Q

Endoparasite vs Ectoparasite

It thrives externally on the host

A

Ectoparasite

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16
Q

Endoparasite vs Ectoparasite

It thrives internally in the host

A

Endoparasite

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17
Q

Endoparasite vs Ectoparasite

It causes Infection

A

Endoparasite

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18
Q

Endoparasite vs Ectoparasite

Infestation

A

Ectoparasite

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19
Q

Increase in eosinophil count

A

EOSINOPHILIA

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19
Q

Increase in eosinophil count

A

EOSINOPHILIA

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20
Q

The Charcot-Leyden crystals is?

A

It is a degraded eosinophils

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21
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is the only pathogenic amoeba In the GIT and may invade other vital organs.

True or False

A

TRUE

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22
Q

It has has pseudopods ectoplasmic extension that move during trophozoite stage

A

Amoeba

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23
Q

What species of Amoeba that is the only pathogenic In the GIT and may invade other vital organs.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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24
Q

What are the DISEASES (2) acquired in Amoebiasis?

A

amoebic colitis
intestinal amoebiasis

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25
Q

What are the symptoms of amoebic colitis? (4)

A

abdominal cramping
anorexia,
fatigue and
diarrhea

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26
Q

What is the symptom of intestinal amoebiasis?

A

manifests as dysentery

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27
Q

It is referred as _______ if the stool is bloody and mucoid

A

Dysentry

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28
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION of Amoeba

A

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

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29
Q

What is used in diagnosis for amoeba?

A

stool exam

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30
Q

In the stool examination for amoeba, what is found in the stool?

A

Infective cysts

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31
Q

What is the main characteristics of Flagellates?

A

Having whip-like structure

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32
Q

True or False
Flagellate
- Not all are capable of encystation

A

True

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33
Q

Species of Flagellates (4)

A

Trichomonas vaginalis
T. hominis
T. tenax
D. fragilis

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33
Q

Species of Flagellates (4)

A

Trichomonas vaginalis
T. hominis
T. tenax
D. fragilis

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33
Q

Species of Flagellates (4)

A

Trichomonas vaginalis
T. hominis
T. tenax
D. fragilis

34
Q

Flagellates that thrive in the small intestine

A

hemoflagellates

35
Q

Species of hemoflagellates (2)

A
  • Trypanosoma spp.
  • Leishmania spp.
36
Q

Species of flagellates that causes giardiasis.

A

Giardia lamblia

37
Q

Giardia Lamblia causes what disease?

A

Giardiasis

38
Q

What is the symptoms of Giardiasis? (3)

A

acute diarrhea
abdominal pain and
weight loss

39
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION for Guardia Lamblia

A

ingestion of contaminated food and water

40
Q

What is used in diagnosis for amoeba?

A

Stool exam

41
Q

In the stool examination for amoeba, what is found in the stool?

A

Steatorrhea

42
Q

Excess fat in the stool falling leaf motility.

A

Steatorrhea

43
Q

It is symmetrical, “old man’s
face with glasses”

A

Trophozoite

44
Q

Ovoidal and quadrinucleate

A

Infective cyst

45
Q

Parasite that have cilia

A

Ciliates

46
Q

A parasite having trophozoites and cysts as part of its life cycle

A

Ciliates

47
Q

A species of ciliates that causes balantidiasis

A

Balantidium coli

48
Q

True or False
Balantidium coli is only spp pathogenic to humans.

A

FALSE

Balantidium coli is only spp pathogenic to HUMANS and PIG.

49
Q

Balantidium coli is only spp pathogenic to _____ and ____.

A

Humans and Pig

50
Q

True or False

Balantidium coli invades tissue

A

True

50
Q

True or False

Balantidium coli invades tissue

A

True

51
Q

What is the symptoms of Balantidiasis? (3)

A

bloody,
mucoid,
diarrheic stool samples

52
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION for Balantidium Coli

A

Ingestion of contaminated food and water

53
Q

What is used in diagnosis for ciliated parasite?

A

Stool

54
Q

Species of Malaria (5)

A

Plasmodium falciparum,
P Mosquito vector vivax,
P. ovale,
P knowlesi,
P sporozoites malariae

55
Q

DEFINITIVE HOST for Malaria : Mosquito species

A

Anopheles spp.

56
Q

INTERMEDIATE HOST of Malaria

A

Humans

57
Q

What organ pre-erythrocytic or exoerythrocytic phase happens?

A

LIVER

58
Q

The actual erythrocytic phase

A

RBC

59
Q

Symptoms of malaria (6)

A

High fever,
anemia,
jaundice,
shaking,
chills and
flu-like illness

60
Q

Typical manifestation of the disease, coincides with the bursting of rbcs

A

Paroxysm

61
Q

tertian malaria = _ hrs
subtertian malaria= _ hrs
quartan malaria= _ hrs

A

48= tertian malaria
36-48 hrs= subtertian malaria
72 hrs= quartan malaria

62
Q

What happens if there is anemia?

A

red cell destruction

63
Q

What happens if there is high fever?

A

pyrogenic metabolites

64
Q

What happens if there is jaundice?

A

break down of hemoglobin

65
Q

What type of malaria is P. Malariae?

A

Quartan Malaria

66
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION for Malaria

A

bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito

67
Q

What is the infective stage of malaria?

A

Sporozoite

68
Q

What are used to diagnose malaria?

A
  • Giemsa stained thick and thin smear
  • Rapid diagnostic test and molecular approach
69
Q

What is found in the sample (blood of patient) of malaria?

A

-Sporozoite
-Morphological description and size of the infected RBC
- Platelets (low number)

70
Q

Spp of Nematodes (1)

A

Phylum Nemathelminthes

71
Q

Phylum Nemathelminthes are

A

Roundworms

72
Q

Describe the Adult stage of Phylum Nemathelminthes (Roundworms)

A

tapered, cylindrical bodies with an esophagus and longitudinal muscles and dioecious

73
Q

Refers to the characteristics of Phylum Nemathelminthes that separate male and female sexes

A

Dioecious

74
Q

True or False
Female roundworms are smaller with anterior curve and may be provided with copulatory spicules and bursa

A

FALSE

MALE ROUNDWORM smaller with POSTERIOR curve and may be provided with copulatory
spicules and bursa

75
Q

What is used in DIAGNOSIS for Phylum Nemathelminthes

A

Stool exam

76
Q

What is seen during the stool examination?

A

adult roundworm, larvae or egg morphology

77
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION for Phylum Nemathelminthes

A
  • ingestion of infective embryonated egg,
  • inhalation,
  • larval skin penetration,
  • ingestion of intermediate hosts like snail or fish
78
Q

Largest nematode in human intestinal tract

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

79
Q

What disease does Ascaris lumbricoides cause?

A

Ascariasis

80
Q

What is the symptoms of Ascariasis

A

bowel obstruction and pancreatitis

81
Q

Mode of transmission for ascariasis

A

eggs are swallowed from soil contaminated with human feces or consumed with produce contaminated with soil containing infective eggs.

82
Q

Flukes or flukeworm are

A

Trematodes

83
Q

Trematodes are

A

Flukes or flukeworm

84
Q

Two orders of Trematodes

A

monogenea and digene

85
Q

Trematodes

A

Flat, leaf-like and hermaphroditic (except
Schistosma spp.)

PMLS FINALS (1 decks)

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