Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Mycology > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

What is parasitology?

A

Study of organisms which parasitize other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a parasite?

A

An organism which lives of other organisms called hosts in which the host does not benefit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Parasitology the study of?

A

The interaction between parasites and hosts.
Parasites of human and other animals.
Genesis and development of parasitoses in the host.
Taxonomy, morphology, life cycles, and living needs of
parasites in the environment and in its host.
Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of parasitoses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Purpose of studying parasitology?

A

To protect man and animals from parasitic infections.

To improve the health status of man and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are zoonoses?

A

Animal Parasites transmitted to humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the life cycle of a parasite?

A
  1. eggs in feces passed into environment
    2.eggs ingested
    3.oncospheres hatch, penetrate intestinal wall and circulate to musculature
  2. a.human infected by ingesting raw, undercooked animal’s meat
    4.b oncospheres develop into cysticerci in muscles
    Cysticerci can develop in any organ being more common in subcutaneous tissues as well as brain and eyes
  3. scolex attaches to intestine= adults in small intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the infective Stage?

A

Is a stage when a parasite can invade animal body and live in it .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Definitive (Final) Host?

A

The host that harbors the adult or sexually mature stages of the parasites. E.g. Humans for the beef tapeworm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Intermediate Host?

A

The host that harbors the immature or larval stages of the parasites. There is further development to become infective to the final host. E.g. cattle for the beef tapeworm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Transport Host?

A

Similar to the intermediate host but the parasites does not undergo further development in this host. E.g. Earthworms for some nematode eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Paratenic Host?

A

The final host is infected by ingesting the paratenic host which harbors the parasites. A paratenic host is also a waiting host
E.g. the successive fish hosts that are needed to
carry the broad fish tapeworm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Reservoir Host?

A

A host (susceptible host) that maintains the larval and sometimes the infective stages of parasites and may pass infection to other species e.g most animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three branches of Parasitology?

A

Protozoology
Helminthology
Entomology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the phylum found under the branch protozoology?

A

Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Phylum Apicomplexa
Phylum Ciliophora
Phylum Microspora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two subphyla of sacromastigosphora?

A
  1. Subphylum Sarcodina

2. Subphylum Mastigophora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Example of Parasite found under subphylum Sarcodina and its structure.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

pseudopodia the way they move- form of locomotion, nucleus, contractile vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Example of Parasites found under subphylum Mastigophora.

A
  1. Giardia duodenalis
  2. Trichomonas spp.
  3. Leishmania spp.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe structure of gardia duodenalis.

How is it transmitted?

A

Flagellum- aid in locomotion
cyst form- encapsulated- based on environment
Trophozoite- mobile
Fecal matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is trichomonas spp transmitted?

A

Reproductive tract

sexually transmitted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is Leishmania spp transmitted?

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe life cycle of giardia duodenalis.

& characteristics of its infection.

A

Causes giardiasis

Cyst (passed into environment) -> trophozoites (exist in human intestine)

Diarrhoea, gas/bloating, greasy stools, stomach/abdominal cramps, dehydration.

22
Q

Example of Parasites found under phylum Apicomplexa.

How are they transmitted?

A
  1. Plasmodium spp.- blood
  2. Toxoplasma gondii- blood
  3. Cryptosporidium spp.- fecal matter
23
Q

Examples of Parasitie found under Phylum Ciliophora?

A

Blantidium coli

24
Q

Describe life cycle of blantidium coli

& characteristics of its infection.

A 
Causes blantidiasis 
large parasite
swines are reservoirs
Mostly asymptomatic
Persistent diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Perforated colon
transmitted in fecal matter
25
What are the phylum found under the branch helminthology?
1. Platyhelminthes | 2. Nemathelminthes
26
What type of worms are Platyhelminthes? | Example?
Flat worms | e.g. flukes, tapeworms
27
What type of worms are Nemathelminths?
Round worms
28
What are the two classes in which the phylum Platyhelminthes is divided into?
1. Cestoda (tapeworms) | 2. Trematoda (flukes)
29
Describe Cestoda. Shape Sexes 'Head' End
Tape-like; segmented sexes not separate, monoecious suckers present often with hooks
30
``` Describe Trematoda. Shape Sexes 'Head' End Alimentary Canal ```
leaf-like; unsegmented sexes not separate; monoecious except schistosomes suckers present no hooks alimentary canal present but incomplete; no anus
31
``` Describe Nematoda. Shape Sexes 'Head' End Alimentary Canal Body cavity ```
elongated, cylindrical, unsegmented separate, diecious no suckers, no hooks, well developed buccal capsule in some alimentary canal present and complete, anus present body cavity present
32
Examples of worms in class Cestoda?
1. Taenia spp- beef tape worm 2. Echinococcus spp.- dog tapeworm 3. Taenia solium- pork tape worm
33
Describe the characteristics of taenia solium infection.
disease: taeniasis pork tapeworm Larvae can encyst in brain and other tissue Adult onset of seizures in low-income countries
34
Examples of worms in class Trematoda?
1. Clonorchis sinesis | 2. Schistosoma spp.
35
Examples of worms in class Nematoda?
1. Ascaris lumbricoides 2. Trichuris trichiura 3. Ancylostoma spp.
36
Describe the characteristics of ascaris lumbricoides infection.
``` Causes ascariasis Soil-transmitted helminth- infected feces Associated with poor hygiene & sanitation Usually asymptomatic Abdominal discomfort Intestinal blockage Impaired growth in children Coughing ```
37
Describe the characteristics of trichuris trichiura infection.
Usually asymptomatic Gastrointestinal problems Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, rectal prolapse Growth retardation
38
Describe the characteristics of ancylostoma spp infection.
Soil-transmitted nematode Causes Cutaneous Larval Migrans (CLM) in humans Severe itching of infected skin Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus found in GIT of humans
39
What are the insects found in the class insecta?
``` Louse Fly Mosquito Bed bug Flea ```
40
What are the two divisions of the class Arachnida?
1. Mites | 2. Ticks
41
What are the two types of mites and the diseases they cause?
1. Sarcoptes scabei- scapies(human), mange(dog) | 2. Demodex spp
42
What are the two types of ticks and the disease they cause?
1. Black legged deer ticks- Lyme Disease | 2. Brown Dog ticks- canine babesiosis
43
What is Pathogenicity?
The ability of an organism to produce or cause disease (i.e. harm the host).
44
What is virulence?
Refers to the degree of pathology caused by the | organism.
45
What does pathogenicity of a parasite depend on?
Type of parasites Number of parasites present in the host (parasite burden) Whether migration takes place or not in the host Degree of adaptation that has developed between the host and parasite
46
In what ways do parasites harm their hosts? | 10
1. By absorbing (sharing) readily digested food materials intended for the host. e.g. Tape worms, ascaris 2. By feeding on the tissues of the host. Feed on plugs of solid tissue. E.g. Ascaris. 3. By causing mechanical obstruction or pressure. Obstruct hollow organs like intestine. 4. By causing wounds through which infection may enter into the body. Eg. Hookworms 5. By causing growth of tumors E.g. pork tapeworms 6. By causing irritation to the host. E.g. Lice, ticks, pinworms. 7. By transmitting the causative agents of infectious diseases (serving as vectors). 8. By causing cell destruction especially protozoan parasites. E.g. Plasmodium spp. 9. By secreting toxins or other harmful substances such as: Anti digestive enzymes: E.g. GIT worms 10. By reducing immune status of their hosts
47
How do Parasites enter the body? | 5 routes
1. Entry through the natural openings: Mouth, anus, and openings of the respiratory tract. 2. Entry through the skin: E.g. Hookworms 3. Entry through blood sucking arthropods: E.g. Malaria (Plasmodium spp.) 4. Transplacental transmission: E.g. Toxoplasma gondii 5. Transmammary (colostrum or milk) route: E.g. Hookworms
48
How are Parasitic Infections Diagnosed?
1.Clinical diagnosis 2. Laboratory diagnosis: Faecal Exam: Direct smear Faecal Flotation Faecal sedimentation Urine exam: centrifugation method Blood exam: Blood smears and staining
49
How are Parasitic Infections treated?
1. Chemotherapy (e. g. Anthelmintics) 2. Surgical 3. Adequate nutrition
50
What are prevention and control methods to reduce Parasitic Infections?
``` 1.Reduction in sources (proper hygiene, sanitation) 2. Public education 3. Destruction and/or control of reservoir hosts and vector 4. Vaccines ```

Mycology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions