Parasitism Flashcards

1
Q

Define symbiosis

A

Umbrella concept for any type of association between two or more organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define mutualism

A

A highly interdependent association where the two associates cannot live without the other. (+/+)

Ex: Lichen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define commensalism

A

One associate benefits but no harm or benefit on the other associate. (+/0)

Ex: Clown Fish and Sea anemone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Parasite

A
  1. A relationship between two unrelated organisms where one is the host and the other is a parasite. Parasite is getting a benefit.
  2. The parasite is physiologically or metabolically dependent on the host.
  3. If heavily infected, the host will die.
  4. The reproductive potential of the parasite exceeds that of their host.

(+/-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How successful is parasitism?

A

Very, all animal groups have parasite members. 50% of all species are parasitic in some stage of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define ectoparasite

A

A parasite that lives on the surface of its host.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define endoparasite

A

A parasite that lives within the host.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define mesoparasite

A

A parasite that penetrates external cavities,

Ex: External ear or cloaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a Definitive host

A

The host in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an intermediate host

A

The host where the parasite undergoes morphological or physiological changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a paratenic host

A

A host exclusively used to transport the parasite; optional.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a vector

A

The host that plays an active role in transmission. It can also be the definitive or intermediate host.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How have parasites played a role in micro evolution?

A

Parasites may have motivated sexual selection in other animals. Animals that have a better fitness and better genetics/resistance to disease and parasites are going to be selected for. As parasites evolve, so do the their hosts.
(Red Queen Hypothesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain a parasite’s “evolution-niche”

A

Once a parasitic association evolves. The parasite could radiate within the body of the host to make more niches and possibly create more species.

It also may be possible for a parasite to create it’s own niche by changing it’s environment.

A niche here is the description of the parasite’s requirements. Not the host’s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is parenchymatous or albuminous degeneration

A

Tissue damage characterized by swollen cells packed with albuminous, fatty granules, indistinct nuclei, or pale cytoplasm. Often seen in infected liver, cardiac muscle, and kidney cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is fatty degeneration

A

Tissue damaged characterized by the deposition of abnormal amounts of fat in calls. It often turns cells yellow-ish and is common in infected liver cells.

17
Q

What is necrosis

A

Tissue damaged characterized by cell death. It appears opaque.

18
Q

What the four types of tissue changes

A

Hyperplasia, hypertrophy, metaplasia, and neoplasia

19
Q

What is hyperplasia

A

An increase in host body repair activity that commonly follows inflammation

20
Q

What is hypertrophy

A

An increase in cell or organ size in victims of parasitic diseases. Typically due to engorgement by intracellular parasites.

21
Q

what is metaplasia

A

The exchange of normal epithelium for another type of epithelium. This can be reversible if the stimuli is removed.

22
Q

What neoplasia

A

An increase in new cellular growth&raquo_space;> CANCER