Parasitic Protozoa Flashcards
Name the 11 Parasitic Protozoa
- Balantidium Coli
- Entamoeba Hisotlytica
- Giardia Intestinalis
- Naegleria Fowleri
- Acanthamoeba Spp.
- Toxoplasma Gondii
- Trypanosoma Brucei
- Trypanosoma Cruzi
- Leishmania spp.
- Trichonomas Vaginalis
- Plasmodium Spp.
Define Protozoa
type of cell
production
classified by what
Liver Fluke Flatworm
Single cell
produced through Fission
classified by movement
Giardia Lablia (intestinalis)
Provide:
Transmission
& Route
Transmitted in Cyst Form
Route: Fecal-orral by poorly purified water, food
In DAY CARE
Oral & Sex
Giardia Lablia (intestinalis)
Name the Disease & Organs most affected:
- Disease*: Giardiasis
- Organs Affected: The organism have a “ falling Leaf” motility*
- The ventral sucking disk of the organism attaches to the lining of the duaodenal wall and deos not invade (Trophozoite shape shields)*
- Causing Foul smelling-Fatty Diarrhea (Steatorrhea)*
- (this is due to malabsorbtion in the small intestines and malabsorbion of Vitamin A,E.D,K*
Giardia Lablia (intestinalis)
Diagnosis
Trophozoites (have endocytosed RBC’s found withing Trophozoites) or Cysts (infectious stated when ingested) are seen in the stool on fecal antigen test
Fecal anitgen test (OP-Ova & Parasite Screeing)
ELISA used for screening
Giardia Lablia (intestinalis)
Treatment
Treatment:
Metronidazole
Entamoeba Histolytica
Transmission & Route
Transmission: 2 main life cycles:
- Cyst form (infective stage when ingested from contaminated water)
- Trophozoites: Cyst form resides in GI track differentiating into Trophozoites which invade the Colon spreading via Portal circulation into the Liver
Route: Fecal-orall by water
- fresh fruits*
- vegetables*
- Oral & Sex*
Entamoeba Histolytica
Disease caused:
Organs most affected:
Disease: Intestinal Amebiasis
Organs Affected: inverted flask-shaped lesions/ulcers in the Large intestine, bloody diarrhea (disintery) with extension to peritoneum, liver, lungs, brain, heart,
Note: Right lobe of the Liver is the most common site for an amoebic liver absecess to form
Liver Absess: is described as having an “anchovy paste” consistency
- Pt presents with RUQ pain (right upper quadrant)
- Produces blood and puss in stools (Amebiasis dysentery) -
Shigella dysenteria=an invasive and inflammatory diarrhea that causes ulcers on the mucosa
Entamoeba Histolytica
Diagnosis:
Trophozoits (infects the colon) or Cysts form (infactious when it is ingested) are seen inthe stool on Fecal Antigen Test (OP-ova and parasite screening)
ELISA Antigen Test on stool and serum used for screening
Pt with Intestinal Amoebiasis: Colonoscopy
Note: The Nuclei have sharp central keryosome and fine chromation “ spokes” the organism has endocytosed RBC’s
Entamoeba Histolytica
Treatment:
Treatment: Metronidazole
(luminal drug) Paramycin and Iodoquinol can be used in combination with Metronidazole
Trypanosoma Cruzi
- Disease:*
- Organs most affected & symptoms:*
Disease: Ghagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)
Common Early signs:
Swelling aroud the eye (Romana’s sign)
or Chagoma (swelling at the site of contact)
Symptoms:
dialated cardiomyopathy, megacolon,
Chronic infection: mega-esophagus
liver & brain
Trypanosoma Cruzi
Vector:
Form:
Transmission:
Vector: Reduvid Bug (Kissing bug)
Form: Painless bite occurs around the mouth and genus passes Trypomasitgote (flagellated form) in feces
Transmission: trypanosomes can burrow into the endocardium-then be seen withing cardiac myocytes on heart biopsy
Trypanosoma Cruzi
Vector:
Endemic to?
Vector: Reduvid bugg (kissing bug) or Triatomine
Endemic to Latin America
Trypanosoma Cruzi
Reservoirs:
Cats
Dogs
Armadillos
opussums
poverty-housing
Trypanosoma Cruzi
Diagnosis:
Treatment:
Diagnosis: Blood films with Trypomastigotes
Treatment: Benzimidazole
Nifurtimax
Trypanosoma Cruzi
Life cycle of Reduvid bug (kissing bug)
-
Epimasitgote (T. cruzi) sits in the lumen of the Reduvid bugs midgut
- multiplying via binary fission - Epimastigote truns into Trypomastigote (loosing ability to divide and gaining the abilituy to envade the human cells)
- Trypomastigote (in the feces enters the bite site infecting the human) looses its flagella and becomes Amastigote (multiplies)
- Amastigote (multiplies through Binary Fission) moving through Blood and Lymph and becoming “ Blood Trypomasigote (levels increase)
Trypanosoma Cruzi
Which organs or tissue does the trypomastigotes target
Target:
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Neurons
Further Inflammation
- Meningoencephalitis
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Pericardial effusion (Heart block)
Trypanosoma Cruzi
describe Acute Phase
Resolves when T. Cruzi Trypomasitgotes are Cleared form the Blood
and
T. Cruzi Antibodies (infection is cleared)
Trypanosoma Cruzi
Describe Chronic Phase:
Provide Progressive Symptoms:
- Amastigotes linger in Infected Cells
- Increased T. Cruzi antibodies
- can be asymptomatic
- develop progressive symptoms:
Ex: -Nerver Damage
- Cardiomyopathy (Ventricular Fibrilation and Heart Failure)
- Gastrointestinal Track Symptoms (Megaesophagus and Megacolon)
Trypanosoma Cruzi
Provide Diagnosis for:
Acute Phase:
Chronic Phase:
Acute Phase:
Blood Trypamastigotes (Blood smear)
T. cruzi DNA (Polymerase chain reaction)
Chronic Phase:
Serology
Xeno-diagnosis
chest x-rays
Barium Swallow
Advanced Stages of Electrocardiogram
Trypanosoma Cruzi
Treatment for Acute Phase
- Anti-Parisitic Medication*
eg: Benznidazole
Nufurtomox
Trypanosoma Cruzi
Treatment for Chronic Phase
Managing symptoms of Cardiomyopathy
Eg: Pacemakers or anti-coagulation medication
Trypanosoma Cruzi
Treatment for Advanced stages
Hear transplant
What are Trypanosoma
General information:
Morphology
Transmission
Incubation
Diagnosis
Treatment
- Morpholog:* elongated body
- Flagellum:* forms undulated membrane along body
- Kinetoplast:* functions as mitochondria
- Transmission:* Through Vectors
- Incubation:* 1-2 weeks
- Diagnosis: Direct microscopy*
- -selologic testing*
- -laboratory finding*
