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Parasitology > Parasitic Protozoa > Flashcards

Parasitic Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

4 classifications of parasitic protozoa

A
  1. Apicomplexa (sporozoan)
  2. Ciliophora (ciliate)
  3. Sarcodina (amoebae) + 4. Zoomastigophora (flagellates)
    = Sarcomastigophora
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2
Q

Locomotion of Sarcodina (amoebae)

A

Pseudopodia
- extension of cytoplasm shape changes and remainder flows forward
- soft membrane where cytoplasm is pushed to make out pockets

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3
Q

How do Sarcodina reproduce

A

Asexually through binary fission
- no exchange of chromosomal DNA
- can be easy to control due to absence of evolution
- can be difficult to control because they multiply so quickly that if you leave one, you have to start again

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4
Q

Locomotion of flagellates

A
  1. Flagella - complex structure & whip like extension involved in movement and direction
  2. Undulating membrane - cell membrane- undulating waves forward gliding motion
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5
Q

how do flagellates reproduce

A

Asexually through binary division

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6
Q

Taxonomy of flagellates

A
  1. Diplomonadida
  2. Trichomonadida
  3. Kinetoplastida
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7
Q

Example of diplomonadida flagellate

A

Giardia

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8
Q

example of trichomonadida flagellate

A

Tritichamonas

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9
Q

Examples of kinetoplastida flagellate

A

Trypanosoma
Leishmania

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10
Q

Species of giardia

A

Giardia intestinalis
- G. lamblia
- G. duodenalis

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11
Q

Classification of Giardia

A

Zoomastigophora
- diplomonadida flagellate

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12
Q

Where can giardia be found

A

soil, food and water

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13
Q

Host range of giardia

A

Diverse mammalian including humans
- little spread between host species (main spread is through environment)

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14
Q

Morphology of giardia

A

uniform - lac of variation and diversity

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15
Q

Giardia lifecycle - 6 steps

A
  1. Host picks up giardia cyst from environment (food, water or surface) - infective stage = cyst
  2. pass through GIT into the SI where trophozoites are released through excystation of cyst
  3. Triphozites feed off and absorb nutrients from infected host
  4. Trophozites multiply through binary fisson
  5. trophozoites move toward colon, transform back inti cyst through encystation
  6. cyst passed into environment through faeces- infectious and can survive for several months in cold water or soil
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16
Q

3 Giardia routes of infection and transmission

A
  1. family member- direct person to person contact
  2. contaminated water or food
  3. unprotected anal sex
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17
Q

Giardia clinical signs

A

Diarrhea
Abdominal cramping

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18
Q

Giardia diagnosis

A

Stool antigen test
stool exam

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19
Q

Giardia treatment

A

Mild = no treatment

Severe, persistent or nurses/ childcare workers = medication

20
Q

giardia prevention

A

Boiling, filtration or iodine treatment
handwashing/ hygiene
safe sex
peel or wash fruits and veggies

21
Q

Morphology of Trichomonacidal flagellates

A

Pear shaped
3 anterior flagella
undulating membrane
trailing flagellum
10-15 microns long

22
Q

example of trichomonadida flagellate

A

Tritrichomonus foetus

23
Q

How do trichomonadida flagellates reproduce

A

Binary fission - no cyct stage

24
Q

What TTF known as in humans

A

T. vaginalis

25
Q

Where can Tritrichomonas foetus be found

A

Bulls - penis, sheath
Cow - vagina, uterus & oviduct
Swine- nasal
Cats - Digestive system

26
Q

Tritrichomonas foetus lifecycle

A
  1. Resides in the host species region of interest
  2. replicated by longitudinal binary fission
  3. no cyst form - doesn’t survive well in external environment
  4. transmitted via sexual intercourse
27
Q

Diagnostic phase of TTF

A

Trophozoite in vaginal and prostatic secretions and urine

28
Q

Infective stage of TTF

A

Trophozoite in body tissue of animals

29
Q

Symptoms of TTF

A

Bulls: disappear in 1-2 weeks
- pain on urination
- disclination to serve
- mucopurulent discharge
Cows:
- vaginitis
- placentitis
- aborption within 1-6 wks
- discharge
- irregualr cycles
- permanent sterility

30
Q

TTF diagnostics in bulls

A

Definitive = observation in smegma samples
2 weeks sexual rest before testing is required

Washings of vaginal mucus or preputial or fetal tissue
- culture, microscopic examination, isolation of trophozoites

PCR

31
Q

4 forms of kinetoplastids (flagellates)

A

Same species can look different in different environments because of the “moving plastic”
1. Amastigote
2. Promastigote
3. Epimastigote
4. Typomastigote

32
Q

What is leishmania

A

kinetoplastid - flagellate

33
Q

Leishmania lifecycle

A
  1. sandfly takes blood meal which injects the infective stage (promastigotes) into the skin
  2. promastigotes are phagocytosed by macrophages and mononuclear phagocytic cells
  3. promastigotes become amastigotes in cells
  4. amastigotes multiply through simple division and proceed to infect more phagocytic cells
  5. sandfly takes blood meal and ingests macrophages infected with amastigotes
  6. amastigotes transform into promastigote stage in the gut
  7. divide in gut
  8. migrate to proboscis
34
Q

Cutaneous leishmania spp

A
  1. L. major
  2. L. tropica
  3. L. aethiopica
35
Q

Mucicutaneous leishmania spp

A

L. braziliensis

36
Q

Visceral leishmania spp

A

L. donovani
L. infantum

37
Q

leishmania morphological form in insect host

A

Promastigote

38
Q

leishmania morphological form in vertebrate host

A

Amastigote

39
Q

Clinical signs of leishmania

A

Spleen & liver enlargement
Ulcers
weight loss
anemia
death

40
Q

diagnosis of leishmania

A

biopsy
blood sample
microscopy
culture
PCR

41
Q

leishmania treatment

A

Liquid nitrogen on ulcers
drugs

42
Q

leishmania prevention

A

long sleeves
insect repellent
covering up at night as insect hosts are nocturnal

43
Q

Trypanosoma classification

A

Kinetoplastid flagellate

44
Q

location of trypanosoma

A

Extracellular
blood of vertebrates

45
Q

morphology of trypanosoma

A

Constantly change entire body surface of body to remain disguised meaning hosts immune system is aways 1 step behind

46
Q

What causes sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma in humans - kinetoplastid flagellate

Parasitology (6 decks)

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