Parasitic Disease I Flashcards
Name
At risk
Symptoms
Lifecyles (infection & replication)
Diagnosis
Therapy
Pinworm - Enterobus vermicularis
At risk
30% Children
15% adults
Symptoms
Perianal itching
Pinworm necrosis – obsessive cleaning
Reinfection is common
Eradicating eggs in home is difficult
Pinworm neurosis
Lifecycle
Humans are the only host
Adult female lives in colon
Lays eggs around the anus
Eggs mature within hours and then disperse throughout the environment
Egg swallowed
Larva hatch and move into small intestine where adults develop and migrate to the colon
Diagnosis
Pinworm paddles that scrape off tape worm eggs from anyss
Visualize adult females at anal verge
Treatment
Repeat dosage of mebendazole 2 weeks after initial infection
Treat whole family
Pinworm eggs
Laid around the anus
Use scotchtape to get them off patient & inspect then
Parasite with only humans as a host
Pinworm
Enterobus vermicularis
Only common well documented complication of pinworm infection (enterbius vermicularis)
neurosis
Name
Description
Lifecyle
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Ascaris lumbricoides
Description
Largest round worm
3bn people
Life cycle
Eggs shed into stool
Eggs float – stay in top layer of soil
Eggs hear to leafy vegetable
Eggs hatch in small intestine
Some of the larva can migrate into the lungs – eggs can also be coughed up and swallowed
Dog/cat/raccoon ascrid
Visceral larva migrans
Only larva infective stage in host
Larva migrate through tissue
Illicit fever, eosinophilia & can invade retina
Eosinophil granuloma
Albendazole & diethylcarbamazine
Symptoms
Usually asymptomatic
GI upset
Female worm exits through anus
Pulmonary infection (larva atge only)
Diagnosis
Ova in feces
Treatment
Medendazole
Piperazine – paralyzes the worm so that it can be excreted
Prevention
Sanitary disposal of feces
Unfertalized ascari eggs in stool
Diagnostic
Diagnosed by larva in feces
Strongyloides stercoralis
DIagnosed by ova in stool
Ascari
Schistomatosis
Name
Lifecycle
Symptoms
DIagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Lifecycles
Has a free living stage in the soil (sanitation can’t get rid of these worms)
Infective stage: Larva in soil can enter broken in foot
Larva can become infectious within the host – allows auto infection so causes sporadic & minor GI symptoms
In pulmonary phase, patients can cough up worms
Symptoms
Acute eosinophilia
GI upset
hyper infections (bacterial sepsis when the parasite migrates through GI tissue bacterial can follow)
Can infect lungs
Diagnosis
Larva (egg hatches quickly) in stool – sign of active infection
Measure antibodies
Treatment
When starting steroids – take a geographic history to make sure patient has not been to an endemic area
Albendazole
Ivermectin
Prevention
Wear shoes
Discard feces in a sanitary manner
Two parasites that can infect pulomary sysem
Stronglyoids & Ascaris
What is it?
Lifecycle?
Pathology & symptoms
Diagnosis?
Treatment?
What is it?
Hosts (usually children) infected by larva of a parasite that does not usually reside in humans
Lifecycle
Eggs have full cycle in dogs/cats/raccoon In humans (children eating dirt) only have larva stage
Pathology & symptoms
Larva migrate through tissue
Illicit fever, eosinophilia & can invade retina
Eosinophil granuloma
Diagnosis
Antibodies
Biopsy
Treatment
Albendazole & diethylcarbamazine
Which type of schistosomes infect bladder venules
S. haematobium
Which type of schistisomes infect the mesenteric venules
S. mansoni & S. japonicum
Name
Global location
S. mansoni
Northen africa, South America & caribbean islands
S. haematobium
Africa & middle east
Name & location
S. japonicum
China, Japen & South East Asia
Name
Lifecyle
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Treatment
A.Schistosomiasis (blood fluke)
Pathology
M & F eggs
Only able to produce eggs when M & F clasped together
Lifecycle
Worm has to get into fresh water
Adults go into lumen of bowel (S. mansoni & japonicum) & bladder (S. haematobium)
Excreted into water
Worms then sneaks out an intermediate host – each special has a specific/intermediate snail host where it multiples
Infective larva swim in water & actively find individuals wading in water (het & toxins)
Enter broken skin and work up portal circulation
M & F pair up in portal circulation for years (do not causes thrombosis or inflammation) – just keep producing eggs
Eggs produce inflammatory response when they enter tissue and use inflammation to enter circulation
Alternatively eggs might get trapped in tissue and cause chronic inflammation causing granulomatous bowel – pipe stem fibrosis in the liver around central veins – ascites & visceral dilatation
Initial immune response TH1 responses (Fever & eosinophilia) and after 8 weeks (TH2 response) which causes granuloma formation & squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
Clinical presentation
Pipestem fibrosis in liver
Portal HTN
Chronic urinary tract disorders & induce bladder tumors
Bloody vomit
Hematuria
Acute syptoms 6 weeks post infection
Diagnosis
Eggs in stool & mucosa
Rectal biopsy
Treatment
Praziquantel
