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PID > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Ascaris suum

A

Pig nematode
Can cause mechanical damage via obstruction

An ascarid, so has 3 lips

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2
Q

Ancylostoma caninum

A

Hookworm, L3 infects host by penetrating skin

Causes traumatic damage to intestinal epithelium

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3
Q

Giardia

A

Protozoan

Associated with increased intestinal permeability and loss of epithelial barrier function resulting in malabsorption

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4
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Tape worm
Hydatid metacestode cysts
Larvae grow in large fluid-filled cyst in liver/brain/lungs/body cavities, resulting in blockage of internal organs or pressure atrophy

Definitive host is dog
Terminal host is human (would have to be eastern by dog!)

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5
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Protozoa
Definitive host is cat
Parastenic/transport host is mouse
Direct zoonoses cat to human

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6
Q

Definitive host

A

Where adult or sexual stages of parasite develop.

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7
Q

Babesia

A

Protozoa

True definitive host sexual stage in tick

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8
Q

Malaria

A

Protozoa

True definitive host sexual stage in mosquito

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9
Q

Intermediate host

A

Intermediate/immature/larval stages of parasite undergo development

And/OR multiply asexually

Often prey for definitive host

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10
Q

Terminal host

A

Intermediate host that won’t allow transmission to definitive host

E.g. human for echinococcus granulosus

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11
Q

Paratenic/transport host

A

Carries parasite to next host without multiplying/developing/increasing infectivity

Often prey for definitive host

E.g toxoplasma in mouse

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12
Q

Biological vector

A

Essential to parasite lifecycle (an intermediate host)

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13
Q

Mechanical vector

A

Passively carries parasite to host (e.g. on mouth parts or body)

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14
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Direct zoonoses (cattle to human)

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15
Q

Leishmania infantum

A

Indirect zoonoses (dog, sandfly, human)

Sandfly is biological vector (developed and replicates there)

Has 2 morphological distinct forms (promastigote and amastigote)

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16
Q

Ostertagia ostertagi

A

Nematode of cattle with direct life cycle (cattle is only host)

Separate sexes, females lay eggs which pass in faeces
Eggs hatch in environment and undergo 4 moults, L3 infectious, L5 final immature adult

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17
Q

Fasciola hepatica

A

Trematode of sheep and cattle with indirect life cycle

Definitive host ingests infected snail

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18
Q

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

A

Primary host snail
Secondary host ant (consumes sugary slime balls from snail)
Ant CNS infected and spastic paralysis prevents ant leaving grass plates

19
Q

Diphyllobotrium latum

A

First host crustacean
Secondary host fish
3rd host predatory fish
4th host human

20
Q

Haemonchus contortus

A

Sheep nematode

21
Q

Eimeria ovinoidalis

A

Sheep protozoan

22
Q

Strongylus

A

Large mouth nematode which leads to buccaneers capsule

23
Q

Pre-patent period

A

Time between infection and detectable evidence of the parasite (e.g eggs/cysts/larvae in faeces, or parasites in blood)

24
Q

Dirofilaria immitis

A

Nematode in blood

25
Q

Toxocara canis

A

Ascarid nematode
Host infected by ingesting egg containing larvae

Hepatic-tracheal migratory lifecycle (gut portal vv liver hepatic v cd VC heart pulmonary a lungs bronchi trachea oesophagus gut)

26
Q

Dipylidium caninum

A

Cysticercoid Cestoda

Small intermediate arthropod host

27
Q

Cysticercoid

A 
Metacestode
1 evaginated scolex
Small solid cyst
Normally I’m very small arthropod intermediate host
E.g dipylidium caninum
28
Q

Hydatid

A 
Metacestode
Large fluid filled cyst lined with germinal epithelium
Invaginate scolices
Hydatid sand contents
Occasional daughter cysts
29
Q

Taenia solium

A

Tapeworm

Cysticercus metacestode

30
Q

Multiceps multiceps

A

Cestoda with coenerus metacestode

31
Q

Taenia taeniaformis

A

Cestoda with strobilocercus metacestode

32
Q

Strobilocercus

A

Metacestode
Evaginated scolex
Asexual proglottids

33
Q

Coenurus

A

Metacestode
Fluid-filled cyst
Several invaginate scolices

34
Q

Ostertagia ostertagi

A

Most economically important GI nematode in cattle causing PGE

A.k.a brown stomach worm

Forms type 1 and type 2 disease

L3s exsheath in rumen and then develops in abomasal glands to form L5. Adults mature on mucosal surface. Abomasal glands collesce to form morrocon leather appearance in severe infections

PPP 3 wk (up to 6mo if hypobiosis)

35
Q

Type 1 disease of PGE in cattle

A

Calves affected when grazed intensively in first season

Ingest many L3s on pasture which become adults 3-4wks later. Disease seen mid-July - Oct

> 75% morbidity but low mortality if treated promptly

36
Q

Type 2 disease of PGE in cattle

A

Affects yearlings
Following first grazing season, usually late winter.

Caused by maturation of hypobiotic EL4s injested in autumn. Mature in late winter/early spring

Low no. Affected, a few individuals, but high mortality

37
Q

PGE clinical signs

A

Profuse watery diarrhoea
Weight loss (up to 20% in 7-10d)
Inappetant

38
Q

Teladosagia

A

Sheep PGE

Similar epidemiology to cattle ostertagia ostertagi

39
Q

4 epidemiology features of PGE cattle

A

1) many L3s survive winter on pasture (if sufficient can cause type 1 disease)
2) high mortality of overwontered L3s in spring (pasture safe after mid summer)
3) eggs deposited in aping slow to develope (Laos in April/May L3 by mid July onwards)
4) autumn low temp causes up to 80% of ingested L3s to be inhibited at EL4 (May mature overwinter and early spring to give type 2 disease)

40
Q

Abomasal adult nematode location in cattle

A

2 of note

Ostertagia ostertagi
Haemonchus placei

41
Q

Small intestine location of adult nematode cattle

A

1 of note

Nematodarius spp.

42
Q

Benzimadazoles, levamisole, avermectins/milbemycins

Treat whic disease

A

Type 1 and 2 ostertagia ostertagi

43
Q

4 control options for PGE cattle

A

1) prophylactic anthelmintics (between turn out and mid July) 3wk intervals

2) dose and move
Anthelmintic early July and immediately move
But warning, L3s can overwinter on first pasture

3) rotate grazing young and adult (calves first, then immune adults)
4) alternate grazing cattle/sheep/crops

PID (1 decks)

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