Parasites Flashcards
Presentation of naegleria fowleri
rapidly progressive, fatal meningoencephalitis
transmission of naegleria fowleri
swimming in freshwater lakes, enters via cribiform plate
diagnosis and treatment of naegleria fowleri
amoebas in CSF
amphotericin B (only few suriviors)
presentation of trypanosoma brucei
african sleeping sickness
- lymphadenopathy
- recurrent fevers
- somnolence
- coma
transmission of trypanosoma brucei
Tsetse fly
diagnosis and treatment of trypanosoma brucei
trypanomastigote in blood smear
suramin (parasitaemia) and melarsoprol (CNS penetration)
treament of malaria
- 1st line
- … if resistant?
- if life-threatening
- for P vivax/ovale
- chloroquine
- mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil
- IV quinidine or artesunate (test G6DP deficiency)
- primaquine (for hypnozotie stage & test G6PD deficiency)
presentation of babesia
babesosis - fever and haemolytic anaemia
treatment of babesia
atovaquone + azithromycin
presentation of trypanosoma cruzi
Chagas disease
dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon/oegophagus, South American travel
unilateral periorbital swelling (acute phase)
transmission of trypanosoma cruzi
kissing bug bite in South America
Reduviid bug
diagnosis and treatment of trypanosoma cruzi
trypomastigote on blood smear
benznidazole or nifurtimox
presentation of leishmania donovani
visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar): fevers, HM, pancytopenia
cutaneous leishmaniasis: skin ulcers
transmission of leishmania donovani
Sandfly
diagnosis and treatment of leishmania donovani
macrophages containing amastigotes
amphotericin B, sodium stibogluconate
what causes anal pruritis, diagnosed on tape test
enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
treatment for pinworm
pyrantel pamoate or bendazoles
ileocecal valve obstruction, biliary obstruction, perforation
migrates from nose to mouth
knobbly/oval eggs seen in faeces under microscope
ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
treatment of ascaris lumbricoides
bendazoles
causes vomiting, diarrhoea, epigastric pain
larvae in the soil penetrate the skin
rhabditiform larvae on microscopy
strongyloides stercoralis
treatment of strongyloides stercoralis
ivermectin or bendazoles
cutaneous larva migrans - pruritic, serpiginous rash after contaminated beach
progress to microcytic anaemia
ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus
(hookworms)
treatment for hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus)
bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
cysts on muscle fibres, leads to muscle inflammation
fever, vomiting, nausea, periorbital oedema
transmitted through undercooked meat
trichinella spiralis
treatment of trichinella spiralis
bendazoles
rectal prolapse in children
trichuris trichuria (whipworm)
myocarditis, visual impairment and blindness, seizures and coma
migrates through intestinal wall into blood stream then disseminates
visceral larva migrans - toxocara canis
treatment of toxocara canis
bendazoles
elephantitis 9mo - 1yr after innoculation
transmission through female mosquito
wushereria bancrofti
treament of elephantitis
diethylcarbamazine
treatment of taenia solium
praziquantel
vitamin b12 deficiency
diphyllobothrium latum
treatment of diphyllobothrium latum
praziquantel
hydatid cysts in liver
from ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with dog faeces
echinococcus granulosus
treatment of echinococcus granulosus
albendazole
HSM, fibrosis, portal hypertension acutely
chronic - SCC bladder and pulmonary HTN
schistosoma mansoni
chronic - schistosoma haematobium
treatment of schistosoma
praziquantel
biliary tract inflammation, cholangiocarcinoma in the long term
what kind of gall stone do you get?
clonorchis sinensis
pigment gall stone
