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USMLE S1 > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Presentation of naegleria fowleri

A

rapidly progressive, fatal meningoencephalitis

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2
Q

transmission of naegleria fowleri

A

swimming in freshwater lakes, enters via cribiform plate

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3
Q

diagnosis and treatment of naegleria fowleri

A

amoebas in CSF

amphotericin B (only few suriviors)

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4
Q

presentation of trypanosoma brucei

A

african sleeping sickness

  • lymphadenopathy
  • recurrent fevers
  • somnolence
  • coma
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5
Q

transmission of trypanosoma brucei

A

Tsetse fly

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6
Q

diagnosis and treatment of trypanosoma brucei

A

trypanomastigote in blood smear

suramin (parasitaemia) and melarsoprol (CNS penetration)

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7
Q

treament of malaria

  • 1st line
  • … if resistant?
  • if life-threatening
  • for P vivax/ovale​​
A
  • chloroquine
  • mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil
  • IV quinidine or artesunate (test G6DP deficiency)
  • primaquine (for hypnozotie stage & test G6PD deficiency)
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8
Q

presentation of babesia

A

babesosis - fever and haemolytic anaemia

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9
Q

treatment of babesia

A

atovaquone + azithromycin

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10
Q

presentation of trypanosoma cruzi

A

Chagas disease

dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon/oegophagus, South American travel

unilateral periorbital swelling (acute phase)

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11
Q

transmission of trypanosoma cruzi

A

kissing bug bite in South America

Reduviid bug

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12
Q

diagnosis and treatment of trypanosoma cruzi

A

trypomastigote on blood smear

benznidazole or nifurtimox

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13
Q

presentation of leishmania donovani

A

visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar): fevers, HM, pancytopenia

cutaneous leishmaniasis: skin ulcers

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14
Q

transmission of leishmania donovani

A

Sandfly

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15
Q

diagnosis and treatment of leishmania donovani

A

macrophages containing amastigotes

amphotericin B, sodium stibogluconate

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16
Q

what causes anal pruritis, diagnosed on tape test

A

enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

17
Q

treatment for pinworm

A

pyrantel pamoate or bendazoles

18
Q

ileocecal valve obstruction, biliary obstruction, perforation

migrates from nose to mouth

knobbly/oval eggs seen in faeces under microscope

A

ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)

19
Q

treatment of ascaris lumbricoides

A

bendazoles

20
Q

causes vomiting, diarrhoea, epigastric pain

larvae in the soil penetrate the skin

rhabditiform larvae on microscopy

A

strongyloides stercoralis

21
Q

treatment of strongyloides stercoralis

A

ivermectin or bendazoles

22
Q

cutaneous larva migrans - pruritic, serpiginous rash after contaminated beach

progress to microcytic anaemia

A

ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus

(hookworms)

23
Q

treatment for hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus)

A

bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

24
Q

cysts on muscle fibres, leads to muscle inflammation

fever, vomiting, nausea, periorbital oedema

transmitted through undercooked meat

A

trichinella spiralis

25
Q

treatment of trichinella spiralis

A

bendazoles

26
Q

rectal prolapse in children

A

trichuris trichuria (whipworm)

27
Q

myocarditis, visual impairment and blindness, seizures and coma

migrates through intestinal wall into blood stream then disseminates

A

visceral larva migrans - toxocara canis

28
Q

treatment of toxocara canis

A

bendazoles

29
Q

elephantitis 9mo - 1yr after innoculation

transmission through female mosquito

A

wushereria bancrofti

30
Q

treament of elephantitis

A

diethylcarbamazine

31
Q

treatment of taenia solium

A

praziquantel

32
Q

vitamin b12 deficiency

A

diphyllobothrium latum

33
Q

treatment of diphyllobothrium latum

A

praziquantel

34
Q

hydatid cysts in liver

from ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with dog faeces

A

echinococcus granulosus

35
Q

treatment of echinococcus granulosus

A

albendazole

36
Q

HSM, fibrosis, portal hypertension acutely

chronic - SCC bladder and pulmonary HTN

A

schistosoma mansoni

chronic - schistosoma haematobium

37
Q

treatment of schistosoma

A

praziquantel

38
Q

biliary tract inflammation, cholangiocarcinoma in the long term

what kind of gall stone do you get?

A

clonorchis sinensis

pigment gall stone

USMLE S1 (16 decks)

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