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Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of protozoa

A

Sporozoa, Rhizopods, and Flagellates

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2
Q

_______ replicate through spore forming phase

A

Sporozoa replicate through spore forming phase

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3
Q

Sporozoa replicate through __________

A

Sporozoa replicate through spore forming phase

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4
Q

________ broadly cast as amoebas or amoebic-like

A

Rhizopods broadly cast as amoebas or amoebic-like

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5
Q

Rhizopods broadly cast as ____________

A

Rhizopods broadly cast as amoebas or amoebic-like

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6
Q

_______ have whip like tails

A

Flagellates have whip like tails

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7
Q

Flagellates have ___________

A

Flagellates have whip like tails

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8
Q

What are the Sporozoa?

A

Cryptosporidium hominis Cyclospora cayetansnsis Toxoplasma gondii Babesia microti Plasmodium

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9
Q

What are the rhizopods?

A

Naegleria fowleri Acanthamoeba castellanii Entamoeba histolytica

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10
Q

What are the flagellates?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis Giardia lamblia Leishmania Trypanosoma cruzi

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11
Q

What is the treatment for Cryptosporidium hominis?

A

Self limiting disease, can give Nitrazoxanide

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12
Q

What is the treatment for Cyclospora cayetanensis?

A

Self limiting, can give TMP-SMX

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13
Q

What is the treatment for toxoplasma gondii?

A

Pyrimethamine, sulfonamides

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14
Q

How does Babesia microti work?

A

It infects and reproduces in the RBCs

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15
Q

What the species of Plasmodium? Which is the most dangerous.

A

Malariae, Ovale, Vivox, Falciparum. Falciparum

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16
Q

What is the treatment for plasmodium?

A

Chloroquine, Mefloquine, Primaquine

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17
Q

How is Cryptosporidium hominis transmitted?

A

oocyst in fecal contaminated food/water

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18
Q

How is Cyclospora cayetanensis transmitted?

A

oocyst in fecal contaminated food/water

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19
Q

How is toxoplasma gondii transmitted?

A

Bradyzoites (cysts) in fecal/raw contaminated food/water

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20
Q

How is babesia microti transmitted?

A

Sporozoites from tick bites

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21
Q

How is plasmodium transmitted?

A

sporozoites from mosquito bites

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22
Q

How is Naegleria fowleri transmitted?

A

trophozoites (not cysts) in contaminated fresh water

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23
Q

How is Naegleria fowleri treated?

A

Amphotericin B

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24
Q

How is entamoeba histolytica transmitted?

A

Cysts from fecal contaminated food/water

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25
Q

How is entamoeba histolytica treated?

A

Metronidazole, Iodoquinol

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26
Q

How is Acanthamoeba castellani transmitted?

A

cysts/trophozoites in contaminated soil/water

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27
Q

How does Acanthamoeba castellani entry the body?

A

Inhalation Broken skin Contact lens

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28
Q

How is Acanthamoeba castellani treated?

A

Amphotericin B

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29
Q

What is unique about Acanthamoeba castellani?

A

It can cause serious symptoms in the EYE.

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30
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?

A

Trophozoites from sexual intercourse

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31
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis treated?

A

Metronidazole

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32
Q

How is Giardia lamblia transmitted?

A

Cysts from fecal contaminated food/water

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33
Q

How is Giardia lamblia treated?

A

Metronidazole

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34
Q

How is Leishmania transmitted?

A

Sandfly bite

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35
Q

How is Leismania treated?

A

Amphotericin B

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36
Q

How is Trypanosoma cruzi transmitted?

A

Trypomastigote from Triatomine bug bite

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37
Q

What does Trypanosoma cruzi cause?

A

Chagas disease

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38
Q

How is Trypanosoma cruzi treated?

A

Nifurtimox

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39
Q

What is this organism?

A

Giardia

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40
Q

What is this organism?

A

Leishmania - Amastigote form (in host cell)

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41
Q

What is this organism?

A

Leishmania

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42
Q

What is this organism?

A

Naegleria fowleri

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43
Q

What is this organism?

A

Plasmodium

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44
Q

What is this organism?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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45
Q

What is this organism?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi - amastigote form (in host cells)

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46
Q

What is this organism?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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47
Q

What is this organism?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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48
Q

What is this organism?

A

Babesia microti

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49
Q

What is this organism?

A

Cryptosporidium hominis

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50
Q

What is this organism?

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

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51
Q

What is this organism?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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52
Q

What is this organism?

A

Acanthamoeba castellanii

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53
Q

What is this organism?

A

Acanthamoeba castellanii

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54
Q

How is enterobius vermicularis transmitted?

A

Eggs through fecal/oral transmission

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55
Q

How is enterobius vermiculari treated?

A

Mebendazole and Albendazole

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56
Q

What is the most common worm infection in the US?

A

enterobius vermiculari

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57
Q

What is another name for enterobius vermiculari?

A

pinworm

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58
Q

What is another name for trichuris trichiura?

A

whipworm

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59
Q

How is trichuris trichiura transmitted?

A

Eggs through fecal/oral transmission

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60
Q

How is trichuris trichiura treated?

A

Mebendazole and Albendazole

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61
Q

How is Ascaris lumbricoides transmitted?

A

Eggs through fecal/oral transmission

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62
Q

How is ascaris lumbricoides treated?

A

Mebenadazole, Albendazole, Ivermectin, and Pyrantel Pamoate (in pregnant women)

63
Q

What are the 2 types of hookworm?

A

Necator americanus and Ancyclostoma duodenale

64
Q

How is necator americanus transmitted?

A

direct contact with larvae on soil/plants.

Egg through fecal/oral transmission

65
Q

How is necator americanus treated?

A

Mebendazole, Albendazole, and Pyrantel Pamoate

66
Q

How is ancyclostoma duodenale transmitted?

A

Direct skin contact with larvar on soil/plants

67
Q

How is ancyclostoma duodenale treated

A

Mebendazole, Albendazole, Pyrantel Pamoate

68
Q

How is strongyloides stercoralis transmitted?

A

Larvae in fecal contaminated soil

69
Q

How is Strongyloides stercoralis treated?

A

Ivermectin and Thiabendazole

70
Q

How is ancyclostoma braziliense transmitted?

A

Larvae contact with skin

Oral/fecal transmission

71
Q

What is unique about Ancyclostoma braziliense?

A

It does not migrate any furthur than the skin

72
Q

How is ancyclostoma braziliense treated?

A

albendazole, ivermectin, and thiabendazole

73
Q

How is toxocara canis transmitted?

A

embryonated eggs through fecal/oral transmissio

74
Q

How is toxocara canis treated?

A

Mebendazole and Albendazole

75
Q

What is another name for Baylisascaris procyonis?

A

Raccoon roundworm

76
Q

How is baylisascaris procyonis transmitted?

A

Embryonated eggs and larvae through raccoon feces

77
Q

What is a possible treatment for Baylisascaris procyonis?

A

Albendazole

78
Q

How does Baylisascaris procyonis larvae prefer to enter the body?

A

via eye/neural tissue

79
Q

What is Loffler’ Syndrome

A

Eosinophilia in the lungs

80
Q

Out of toxocara canis and Baylisascaris procyonis, which is more aggressive

A

B. procyonis.

81
Q

How is taenia solium transmitted?

A

Embryonated eggs via fecal/oral transmssion

Raw pork

82
Q

How is taenia solium treated?

A

Albendazole, Praziquantel

No treatment may be needed

83
Q

What is trichinella spiralis associated with?

A

eating wild game

84
Q

What is unique about trichinella spiralis?

A

larvae can only survive in muscle

85
Q

How is trichinella spiralis transmitted?

A

Encysted larvae in insufficiently cooked contaminated meat

86
Q

How is trichinella spiralis treated?

A

Mebendazole and Albendazole

87
Q

What are the species of Schistosoma?

A

Mansoni, Japonicum, and Hematobium

88
Q

How is schistosoma transmitted?

A

Cercariae through skin contact with contaminated fresh water

89
Q

How is shistosoma treated?

A

Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and Praziquantel

90
Q

In which schistosoma species are eggs found in feces?

A

S. mansoni

S. japonicum

91
Q

In which schistosoma species are eggs found in the urine?

A

S. hematobium

92
Q

What is unique about patients suffering from Schistosoma?

A

they have elevated IgM, IgG, and IgE.

93
Q

What is unique about schistosoma?

A

it can migrate throguth tissue/vasculature causing progressive damage to essential organs

94
Q

Which of the intestinal helminths can migrate into the lungs, be coughed up and swallowed?

A

Hookworms and Ascaris lumbricoides

95
Q

How is paragonimus westermani transmitted?

A

metacercariae in contaminated/undercooked crab or crayfish

96
Q

What is the treatment for paragonimus westermani?

A

Praziquantel

97
Q

What is unique about Chlonorchis sinesis?

A

It can cause choliangiocarcinoma

98
Q

How is chlonorchis sinensis transmitted?

A

metacercariae in contaminated raw/undercooked fish

99
Q

How is chlonorchis sinensis treated?

A

Praziquantel and Albendazole

100
Q

What is unique about the disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus?

A

It is a cystic disease

101
Q

How is echinococcus granulosus transmitted?

A

Embryonated eggs in fecal contaminated food/water/soil

102
Q

What individuals are suspectble to infectionby Echinococcus granulosus?

A

People working with sheep and sheep dogs

103
Q

How is echinococcus granulosus treated?

A

Surgery to remove cysts

Albendazole

104
Q

What organisms can cause lymphatic filariasis?

A

Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti

105
Q

How are Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti transmitted?

A

Larvae by mosquitos

106
Q

What is the treatment for brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Diethylcarbamazine (unless co-infected with loa loa or onchocera)

Ivermectin

107
Q

What disease does Onchocera volvulus cause?

A

River blindness

108
Q

How is Onchocera volvulus transmitted?

A

larvae via blackfly bite

109
Q

How is onchocera volvulus treated?

A

Ivermectin (kills larvae) and Doxycycline (kills adults)

110
Q

What is unique about loa loa?

A

It is an eye worm.

111
Q

How is loa loa transmitted?

A

larvae via deer fly/mango fly bite

112
Q

How is loa loa treated?

A

surgical removal of worms

Diethylcarbamazine

Albendazole

113
Q

What is calaber swelling?

A

Swelling on limbs and near joints

114
Q

What organism causes calaber swelling?

115
Q

What is this organism?

116
Q

What is this organism?

117
Q

What is this organism?

A

Schistosoma hematobium

118
Q

What is this organism?

A

Schistosoma japonicum

119
Q

What is this organism?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

120
Q

What is this organism?

A

taenia solium

121
Q

What is this organism?

A

taenia solium

122
Q

What is this organism?

A

enterobius vermicularis

123
Q

What is this organism?

A

enterobius vermicularis

124
Q

What is this organism?

A

ascaris lumbricoides

125
Q

What is this organism?

A

ascaris lumbricoides

126
Q

What is this organism?

A

ancyclostoma braziliense

127
Q

What is this organism?

A

ancyclostoma braziliense

128
Q

What is this organism?

A

baylisascaris procyonis

129
Q

What is this organism?

A

baylisascaris procyonis

130
Q

What is this organism?

A

chlonorchis sinensis

131
Q

What is this organism?

A

chlonorchis sinensis

132
Q

What is this organism?

A

echinococcus granulosus

133
Q

What is this organism?

A

echinococcus granulosus

134
Q

What does this organism cause?

A

lymphatic filariasis

135
Q

What does this organism cause?

A

lymphatic filariasis

136
Q

What is this organism?

137
Q

What is this organism?

138
Q

What is this organism?

A

onchocerca volvulus

139
Q

What is this organism?

A

onchocerca volvulus

140
Q

What is this organism?

A

paragonimus westermani

141
Q

What is this organism?

A

paragonimus westermani

142
Q

What is this organism?

A

strongyloides stercoralis

143
Q

What is this organism?

A

strongyloides stercoralis

144
Q

What is this organism?

A

toxocara canis

145
Q

What is this organism?

A

toxocara canis

146
Q

What is this organism?

A

trichinella spiralis

147
Q

What is this organism?

A

trichinella spiralis

148
Q

What is this organism?

A

trichuris trichiura

149
Q

What is this organism?

A

trichuris trichiura

MIP (4 decks)

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