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Parasites > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

After fertilization, tapeworms loose female parts and become a uterus full of eggs called?

A

A Gravid

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2
Q

Direct method of parasites consist of?

A

Transmission by contact

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3
Q

Indirect transmission of parasites consist of?

A

Oral fecal

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4
Q

Are parasites endogenous infections?

A

No because parasites are not normal flora

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5
Q

5 major groups of parasites?

A

Protozoa, tapeworms (cestodes), nematodes, acanthocephalan, flukes

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6
Q

What has a scolex, segmented worm, no mouth, flat for diffusion, and a holdfast?

A

Tapeworm

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7
Q

Male segments become female segments in tapeworms (TRUE OR FLASE?)

A

True

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8
Q

What do you do when you arrive to the fish kill?

A

Pattern, size of fish

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9
Q

Where do tapeworms live?

A

Small intestine

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10
Q

What is the larval stage of tapeworms called?

A

Cysticercoid

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11
Q

Number of adult worms is only changed through ______

A

Recruitment

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12
Q

Parasites in moose grow where? To infect the wolf

A

Lungs so the moose doesn’t run fast

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13
Q

If you’re infected with a tapeworm, will there be an intermediate host?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Thorny headed worms, produce eggs and infect Arthropods (usually fresh water), no mouth or gut, live in small intestine

A

Acanthocephalan

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15
Q

In acanthocephalans, eggs develop into a larval stage called?

A

Cystacanth

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16
Q

What is the ectoparasite that is a serious pathogen in agriculture?

A

Monogenea (one sucker)

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17
Q

What has a mouth and gut and eats mucus and blood?

A

Monogenea

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18
Q

Male and female sex organs in one body, huge attachment organs, eggs ciliated organisms that can find next host, BIG HOOKS

A

Monogenea

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19
Q

What hatches and get into oncomiracidium with no intermediate host?

A

Monogenea

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20
Q

What has an oral sucker, has both testis and ovaries, and endoparasite and can be found in many organs in the body because it is mobile?

A

Trematode or fluke

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21
Q

What is the intermediate host of trematodes?

A

Snails

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22
Q

Tell me about miracidium stage

A

Eggs produce miracidium, attracted to snail, operculum pops open

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23
Q

When not enough medication is used, it causes the parasite to?

A

Destrobilate- drops the tail but the scolex is still there

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24
Q

Negative binomial distribution

A

Few people have the most parasites on the curve

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25
Q

Which one is the infected stage in larval reproduction?

A

Larval stage 3

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26
Q

What larva stages occur outside of the host?

A

L 1,2,3

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27
Q

Most primitive worm

A

Monogenea

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28
Q

Infected stage of Monogenea is

A

Oncomericidium

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29
Q

What worm has 3 host?

A

Trematodes

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30
Q

What worm is 99.9% free living and ascaris lumbricoides Is the most common

A

Nematode

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31
Q

What worm causes anemia?

A

Hookworms

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32
Q

Only one that the infected stage isn’t L3-infected stage is L1 in the muscle

A

Hookworms

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33
Q

What parasite mobile because they have mouth and gut to travel?

A

Nematodes

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34
Q

Blood sucking insects transmit in nematode but not in where? And why?

A

Trematodes because it has to go through snails and Mosquitos don’t go through snails

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35
Q

What do parasitic Protozoa normally like to be?

A

Large intestine because more bacteria found there

36
Q

4 categories of Protozoa

A

Ciliate, flagellate, pseudopodia, Sporozoa

37
Q

Malaria is what type of parasite?

38
Q

Protozoan parasites are usually what type of transmission?

A

Blood sucking

39
Q

What is a direct life cycle?

A

Adult worms found in definitive host-only one host

40
Q

Complex life cycle?

A

Two or more host

41
Q

The genome has to do with?

A

Complexity of life cycle

42
Q

What percentage of animal species are parasites?

43
Q

In tapeworms, infection starts with something called a ?

A

Inverted scolex

44
Q

In tapeworms, segments produced are _______, and as they move along they become _____

A

Immature; male

45
Q

What are vitellaria (found in tapeworms)?

A

Glands that produce egg shell

46
Q

Death in fishes: multiple vs. Single species

A

Multiple: environmental factors

Single: infectious disease specific to species

47
Q

What do you do when you get to a fish kill?

A

Check number of species And size of fish

48
Q

99% of all parasitic worms are?

49
Q

What comes from flatworms?

A

Tapeworms (cestodes) flukes, and Monogenea

50
Q

How does moose get infection?

A

Poop on ground and graze

51
Q

If there is a tapeworm infection there won’t be an intermediate host T OR F?

A

False- there will be an intermediate host

52
Q

Rutifers developed into:

A

Acanthocephalans

53
Q

Acanthocephalans are found in the ?

A

Small intestine

54
Q

Major host of acanthocephalans?

A

Fish and water fouls

55
Q

Process of acanthocephalans infection:

A

Produces eggs, out to feces, affects Arthropods (usually fresh water and eggs are tasty), develops into larval stage of Cystacanth, ingest and tropic transfer

56
Q

Acanthocephalans makes crazy gammarids:

A

Photopositive, skitter

57
Q

_____ are cephalized (stuff in front of head)

58
Q

Earliest parasitic flatworms and ectoparasite on fish -hippopotamus have it

59
Q

What parasite infects any organ that allows to go to urine or poop?

A

Flukes/trematodes

60
Q

Life cycle of flukes/trematodes:

A

Parasite develops miracidium (can specifically find snail where it penetrates and multiples) then creates stage called cercaria (find prey item like fish and encyst) then vegetation then back to main host -human can get it from eating salad

61
Q

If find eggs in stool, what do you use?

A

Anti parasitic drugs

62
Q

Why is L3 always the infective stage?

A

L3 contains the cuticle of L2 that seals

63
Q

3 billion people with what type of parasite strategy?

A

Hard eggs strategy

64
Q

Dog heart worm?

A

Bitten by mosquito and only live in right ventricle

65
Q

Ovoviviparous ?

A

Produce eggs that hatch in uterus

66
Q

In pork infective stage Is?

A

L1- in muscle -ingested-penetrates gut -L2,3,4- adult and then produces L1

67
Q

____ stages for roundworms

68
Q

Infection intensity

A

The number of worms present

69
Q

Worm population goes up by recruitment TRUE OR FLASE?

70
Q

Do parasites cause zoonotic infections? Why?

A

No because host specificity

71
Q

Sporozoa is always _____ and has ____

A

Parasitic ; sex

72
Q

In cats, the infection starts with ___, contains 4 sporozotes, cat eats it and in gut releases sporozotes

73
Q

What’s toxoplasma Gandii?

A

Cat parasite

74
Q

How is malaria transmitted?

A

Transmitted through mosquito, sporozotes go to the liver, leave liver and infect red blood cells, produces gametocyte which are male and female parts, produce sporozotes that go to salivary glands

75
Q

In malaria, definitive host is?

A

The mosquito, where sex occurs

76
Q

The process of sporozoite

A

Penetrates liver cells, transformed into triphozoite, go to asexual reproduction to become schizont, inside develop into merozoite, when schizont is mature blows up the cell and releases merozoites which infect RBC

77
Q

In RBC merozoites become ?

A

Trophozoites (feeding stage, diagnostic). Which become schizont and RBC explode and release merozoit

78
Q

Genegative

79
Q

Schistosomes

A

Blood flukes- have two host

80
Q

How do the blood flukes live in the blood?

A

Stripe antigens off of blood and put it on their body - camouflages

81
Q

Concomitant immunity

A

Stripping antigens off of blood to hide from immune response

82
Q

Blood flukes mate forever in the ?

83
Q

First most important disease on earth:

84
Q

Oncomiracidium

A

Infective larva of Monogenea, it’s ciliated and can swim freely

85
Q

If found disease in a population of animals what do you do?

A

Prevent their entry, control it, and eradicate

Parasites (1 decks)

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