Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI MICRO > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

what is the mode of transportation for Entamoeba histolytica?

A

fecal oral/ oral anal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clinical presentation of Entamoeba histolytica

A

• Amebic colitis / Amebic dysentery (invasive, so bloody diarrhea with blood + PMNs)
• Trophozoite (vegetative form)→ disintegrates to form a cyst (infectious form) → stomach acid breaks it apart →parasite enters the colon → multiplies, vegetates and invades
• Amebic liver abscess
Flask-shaped ulcers →

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diagnosis of Entamoeba

A

serology and/or trophozoites or cysts (multi-nucleated) in the stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment of Entamoeba

A
  • Noninvasive disease: paromomycin

* Invasive disease: metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mode of transportation: Giardia lamblia

A

Contaminated water
• Fecal-oral transmission
• Sylvatic distribution in streams, lake
• * Beaver fever → exists as a commensal in beavers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical presentation: Giardia lamblia

A
  • Foul-smelling stools, cramping, explosive watery diarrhea
  • Malabsorption syndrome: steatorrhea → fat in the stool
  • Malodorous, mushy, greasy stool
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnosis: Giardia lamblia

A

trophozoites or cysts in stool; pear-shaped; 2 nuclei the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment: Giardia lamblia

A

metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mode of transmission: Balantidium coli

A

fecal oral; Reservoir is pigs → boar hunter, slaughterer, farmer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical presentation: Balantidium coli

A

bloody diarrhea;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment: Balantidium coli

A

Tetracylcine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mode of transmission: Isospora belli

A

contaminated water/food. oral/anal

AIDS patients susceptible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical presentation: Isosopra belli

A

Mimics giardiasis with malabsorption
loose-foul smelling stools
chronic weight-loss, anorexia, malaise and fatigue can be seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diagnosis: Isospora belli

A
    • Stains acid-fast

* Iodine-stained stool smears used in diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment: Isospora belli

A

• TMP-SMX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mode of transmission: cryptosporidium

A
  • Water-borne
  • Oocyst is stable and able to resist chlorination → will be found in bodies of water, including residential or community pools
  • AIDS patients are susceptible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Clinical Presentation: cryptosporidium

A
  • “Crypto”: frequent, explosive, watery diarrhea → dehydration and vomiting
  • In AIDS patients, > 50 stools/day that can last for month to years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diagnosis: cryptosporidium

A

cysts on stains acid-fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment: crptosporidium

A

prevention; Replace fluid and electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mode of transmission: cyclospora cayetanensis

A
  • Acquired from contaminated water or food
    • Raspberries in Guatemala
    • Basil in Mexico
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clinical presentation: cyclospora cayetanensis

A
  • Similar to “Crypto”

* Explosive, watery diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diagnosis: cyclospora cayentanensis

A

Stains acid-fast

Fluoresces blue under UV light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment: cyclospora cayen

A

• TMP-SMX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mode of transmission: Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

A
  • Endemic in the U.S., especially in children
  • Fecal-oral transmission
  • Acquired by ingestion of sticky eggs and autoinfection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Clinical Presentation: Enterobius vermicularis

A
  • Intense perianal nocturnal itching

* Females lay their eggs around the anus, which are removed and transmitted as the children scratch their “botitos”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Diagnosis: Enterobius vermicularis

A

Cellophane tape used for diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Treatment: Enterobius vermicularis

A
  • Pyrantel pamoate (OTC)

* Mebendazole or albendazole (Treat whole family)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mode of transmission: Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)

A
  • Fecal-oral transmission

* Acquired from food or water as ingested eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Clinical Presentation: Ascaris lumbricoides

A 
Early phase: lungs
•	Coughed up and swallowed into GI tract
Late phase: GI tract
•	Bolus obstructs the bowel
•	Can migrate to the liver
30
Q

Diagnosis: Ascaris lumbricoides

A
    • Knobby-coated, oval-shaped egg

* Bile-stained

31
Q

Treatment: Ascaris lumbricoides

A

• Albendazole

32
Q

Mode of transmission: Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)

A

Fecal-oral

33
Q

Clinical presentation: -Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)

A
  • Watery to bloody diarrhea → if severe, rectal prolapse
  • Trichuris dysentery syndrome in infants
  • Bloody, mucoid diarrhea
  • Anemia
  • Growth retardation
34
Q

Diagnosis: Trichuris trichiura

A

Barrel-shaped egg with plugs at the ends

35
Q

Treatment: Trichuris trichiura

A

• Mebendazole

36
Q

Mode of transmission: Necator americanus

A

fecal oral; Generally acquired by stepping on larval worm in sandy soil

37
Q

Clinical presentaton: Necator americanus

A

Early phase
• Larval migration from foot → lungs
• Itching, localized maculopapular eruption on the foot
Late phase
• Coughed up from the lung → swallowed into GI tract
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
• Microcytic, hypochromatic anemia

38
Q

Diagnosis: Necator americanus

A

Early phase → larval migration
• Eosinophilia, normal stool
• Patchy infiltrate on chest X-ray and productive sputum
Late phase
• Non bile-stained, segmented, thin shelled eggs in stool

39
Q

Treatment: Necator americanus

A
  • Albendazole; second line includes mebendazole or thiabendazole for migrating larvae
  • Iron therapy for anemia; if severe, transfusion is necessary
40
Q

Mode of transmission: Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)

A

Fecal oral

41
Q

Clinical presentation: Strongyloides stercoralis

A
  • Vomiting, diarrhea (bloody), malabsorption
  • Hyperinfection syndrome
  • Larvae spread throughout body → meningitis, secondary bacteremia
42
Q

Diagnosis: Strongyloides stercoralis

A
  • Microscopy of larval worms in the stool is used for diagnosis
  • Similar to hookworm, but the eggs hatching in intestine causing an autoinfection
43
Q

Treatment: Strongyloides stercoralis

A

vermectin

44
Q

Mode of transmission: Trichinella spiralis

A
  • Acquired from larvae ingested in undercooked meat
  • Pork, bear, fox, walrus meat
    • Larvae found in undercooked bear meat or infected worm
45
Q

Clinical presentation: Trichinella spiralis

A
  • Fever, myalgias, eosinophilia, periorbital edema

* Lethal when heart, brain, or lungs are infected

46
Q

Treatment: Trichinella spiralis

A
  • Bed rest, antipyretics and analgesics

* Albendazole for adult worms

47
Q

Mode of transmission: Fasciolopsis buski (fluke)

A

• ALL flukes have a clam or snail intermediate host, which is infected by free-swimming cercaria
• Fecal-oral transmission, with the metacercariae being injested (except for schistosomes)
*water chestnuts
o Seen most often in China, Vietnam, Thailand and India

48
Q

Clinical presentation: Fasciolopsis buski

A

o Diarrhea alternating with constipation
o Anorexia, nausea, vomiting
o Malabsporption syndrome (like Giardia and Isospora)

49
Q

Diagnosis: Fasciolopsis buski

A

o Large, bile-stained, operculated eggs in stool
• Flat, leaf-shaped worm
• Larger than nematodes

50
Q

Treatment: Fasciolopsis buskhi

A

o Praziquantel

51
Q

Mode of transmission: Fasciola hepatica (fluke)

A

fecal / oral
ALL flukes have a clam or snail intermediate host, which is infected by free-swimming cercaria
• Acquired from water cress (sheep liver)

52
Q

Clinical presentation: Fasciola hepatica

A

o Hepatitis, biliary obstruction

53
Q

Diagnosis: Fasciola hepatica

A

o Eggs in stool used for diagnosis

54
Q

Treatment: Fasciola hepatica

A

o Bithionol

55
Q

Mode of transmission: C. sinesis

A

fecal oral
• Acquired from raw freshwater fish
chinese liver

56
Q

Treatment: C. sinesis

A

o Praziquantel

57
Q

Mode of transmission: S. mansoni

A

reservoir hosts, specifically primates and rodents

58
Q

Clinical presentation: S. mansoni

A

o Bloody diarrhea due to “clay pipestem fibrosis”

• Fibrous tissue surrounds portal vein in liver

59
Q

Diagnosis: S. mansoni

A

o Large eggs have * lateral spine (terminal spines are associated with Schistosoma hemaetobium)

60
Q

Treatment: S. mansoni

A

o Praziquantel

61
Q

Mode of transmission: Taenia solium (tapeworm)

A

eating undercooked pork; not in U.S

62
Q

Clinical presentation: Taenia solium

A

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, ingestion
Cysticercosis (ingestion of eggs) only caused by T. solium
Autoinfection
Larvae disseminate → calcify in tissue → neurocysticercosis, muscle and connective tissue

63
Q

Diagnosis: Taenia solium

A
  • Flat and ribbon like
  • Head (scolex) has cup-shaped sucker and hook
    • Proglottids = segmented bodies
  • Can use CT or MRI can be used for calcified cyst identification
64
Q

Treatment: Taenia solium

A

• Praziquantel

65
Q

Mode of transmission: Diphyllobothrium latum

A

• Acquired from undercooked freshwater fish, raw fish, and pickled fish (“Gefilte fish”)

66
Q

Clinical presentation: Diphyllobothrium latum

A

• Depletion of vitamin B12

67
Q

Treatment: Diphyllobothrium latum

A

• Niclosamide

68
Q

Mode of transmission: Taenia saginata

A
  • Acquired from undercooked beef

* In the U.S., and seen worldwide

69
Q

Mode of transmission: Echinococcus

A

• Sheep-herders are particularly susceptible → host are in dogs and foxes

70
Q

Clinical presentation: Echinococcus

A

• Hydatid cyst disease within the liver and the lung

71
Q

Treatment: Echinococcus

A

surgery

GI MICRO (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions