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Parasites > Parasite refresher > Flashcards

Parasite refresher Flashcards

1
Q

What type of parasite is Echinococcus?

A

Cestode (tapeworm)

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2
Q

Which species are affected by Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Dogs - definitive hosts

Ruminants - intermediate hosts

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3
Q

Which species are affected by Echinococcus multilocularis?

A

Rodents - intermediate hosts

Foxes, coyotes, cats - definitive hosts

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4
Q

Which species of Echinococcus is notifiable?

A

Echinococcus multilocularis

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5
Q

Which parasite causes hydatid cysts?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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6
Q

Which parasite causes alveolar cysts?

A

Echinococcus multilocularis

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7
Q

How do dogs become infected with Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Ingestion of cysts in organs of ruminants

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8
Q

How do ruminants become infected with Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Ingestion of eggs in dog faeces

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9
Q

Which species can Fasciola hepatica affect?

A
  • Broad host range:
    • Livestock = typical definitive host
    • Humans can be affected
    • Reservoir wildlife hosts = deer, hares, rabbits
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10
Q

Which parasite’s life cycle involves a snail as an intermediate host?

A

Fasciola hepatica

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11
Q

How do ruminants become infected with Fasciola hepatica?

A

Ingestion of metacercariae on contaminated vegetation

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12
Q

How do humans become infected with Fasciola hepatica?

A

Ingestion of metacercariae on contaminated vegetation e.g. watercress

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13
Q

Where are adult flukes (Fasciola hepatica) located in the body?

A

Bile ducts in the liver

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14
Q

When is chronic fluke disease most commonly seen? What is it associated with?

A
  • Disease can be seen in late winter → spring → early summer
  • Associated with prolonged intake of low→moderate metacercariae from herbage
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15
Q

True/false: chronic fluke disease can be associated with progressive loss of BCS, severe anaemia and submandibular oedema.

A

True

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16
Q

Which species does Haemonchus contortus affect?

A

Sheep and other ruminants

17
Q

What is the pre-patent period of Haemonchus contortus?

A

15-21 days in sheep

18
Q

What are the clinical signs of Haemonchus contortus infection?

A
  • Pale conjunctiva and oral membranes
  • Loss of BCS/reduced weight gain
  • Reduced wool thickness/quality
  • Oedema/submandibular oedema (bottle jaw)
  • Death when blood loss overtakes erythropoeisis
19
Q

Where is Haemonchus contortus found in the body?

A

Abomasum

(Pre-adult worms live in abomasa glands)

20
Q

Which species does Nematodirus battus affect?

A
  • Sheep
  • Occasionally calves
21
Q

What is the pre patent period of Nematodirus battus?

A

2-3 weeks

22
Q

Which animals are typically affected by N. battus?

A
  • Lambs especially recently weaned
  • Older animals seldom affected
23
Q

What are the clinical signs of N. battus infection?

A
  • Ability of small intestine to exchange fluids and nutrients is greatly reduced
    • Rapid weight loss
    • Watery diarrhoea
    • Dehydration
    • Sudden death
24
Q

Describe how sheep become infected by N. battus

A

Overwintered eggs hatch and infective larvae are ingested by ruminants

25
Q

How do you control N. battus?

A
  • Rotational grazing: sheep (Y1), Catte (Y2), Conservation (Y3)
  • Control can be achieved by prophylactic use of anthelmintics with ewes dose prior to lambing
26
Q

How do weather conditions affect N. battus survival?

A
  • Warm March encourages an early hatch
  • Cool and wet April/May will increase larval survival on pasture
27
Q

What is the pre patent period of Ostertagia ostertagi?

A

3 weeks

28
Q

Where in the body are Ostertagia found?

A

Abomasum

29
Q

What are clinical signs of Ostertagia ostertagi infection?

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Protein-losing enteropathy
  • Loss of appetite → rapid weight loss
  • Submandibular oedema (bottle jaw)
30
Q

Which drug will kill Ostertagia ostertagi including the hypobiotic larvae?

A

Ivermectin

31
Q

How do cattle become infected with Ostertagia ostertagi?

A

Ingestion of larvae on grass

32
Q

Which species does Ostertagia ostertagi infect?

A

Cattle

Parasites (3 decks)

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