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Pharm 4 > Parasite Drugs > Flashcards

Parasite Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

chloroquine MOA

A

erythrocytic stage anti-malarial

inhibits novel heme polymerase enzyme to stop conversion of toxic heme to nontoxic hemozoin

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2
Q

chloroquine uses and ADR

A

prophylaxis and acute treatment

ADR: nausea, abd pain, HA, visual disturbances

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3
Q

quinine sulfate uses

A

erythrocytic stage anti-malarial from bark of cinchona tree
1st line tx for chloroquine-resistant plasmodium
short T1/2 immediate onset
used with doxy tetra or clinda

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4
Q

ADR quinine sulfate

A

n/v/d, cinchonism (tinnitus, vertigo, deafness, HA, dysphoria), hypoglycemia, “Blackwater fever” (? HS rxn -> massive hemolysis, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria)

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5
Q

quinidine gluconate uses

A

erythrocytic stage anti-malarial for severe, life-threatening malaria
parenteral until stable enough for oral quinine
given with doxy tetra or clinda

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6
Q

ADR quinidine gluconate

A

same as quinine; potent CYP 2D6 inhibitor

*Class 1A antiarrhythmic

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7
Q

artesunate IV

A

erythrocytic stage anti-malarial; DOC for parenteral therapy
more effective than quinine and safer than quinidine
ADR: hemolytic anemia

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8
Q

malarone

A 
erythrocytic stage anti-malarial
atovaquone + proguanil
1st line for chloroquine-res
ADR: n/v, HA, dizziness, weakness, QT prolongation
*avoid CYP 3A4 inhibitors
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9
Q

doxycycline

A

erythrocytic stage anti-malarial alternative prophylaxis for chloroquine-res
ADR: in pregnancy and children

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10
Q

mefloquine

A

2nd line prophylaxis and tx of chloroquine-res

ADR: “zombie drug” - neuropsych syndrome (depression, psychosis, seizures), use with BB’s = cardiac arrest

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11
Q

primaquine

A

only extra-erythrocytic stage anti-malarial for dormant schizonts (ovale, vivax)
use with chloroquine or quinine
ADR: abd cramps, nausea, hemolytic anemia 2/2 G6PD def (screen before use)

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12
Q

iodoquinol

A

luminal amebicide

take with meals to limit GI toxicity

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13
Q

paromycin

A

luminal amebicide

*aminoglycoside

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14
Q

metronidazole MOA

A

tissue amebicide

intracellular conversion to toxic nitro radical by anaerobes and protozoans -> cell death by destruction of DNA

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15
Q

tinidazole

A

tissue amebicide with longer T1/2 than metro

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16
Q

luminal amebicides vs. tissue amebicides

A

luminal: poorly absorbed, for asymptomatic disease
tissue: DOC for invasive disease

17
Q

ADR metronidazole

A

preg cat B (2,3), contraindicated in 1st trimester
nausea, HA, dry mouth, metallic taste (take with food)
increased INR with warfarin
disulfiram reaction with EtOH

18
Q

ADR tinidazole

A

same as metro; preg cat C

19
Q

treatment of giardiasis

A

metro x7 days or tinidazole single dose

20
Q

treatment of trichomoniasis

A

metro or tinidazole (some metro-res strains)

21
Q

treatment of toxoplasmosis

A

pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + daily leucovorin (folinic acid)
ADR: DHF reductase inhibitors may induce folate deficiency and anemia

22
Q

albendazole

A

anti-helminth DOC; inhibits MT function, depletes glycogen stores -> worm death
ADR: avoid in 1st trimester of pregnancy

23
Q

mebendazole

A

anti-helminth; no longer available d/t low demand

24
Q

pyrantel pamoate

A

anti-nematode
depolarizing NMJ blocker -> paralysis of helminth
ADR: GI upset, HA, fever; avoid in pregnancy

25
Q

praziquantel

A

for schistosomiasis, flukes tapeworms
increases cell membrane permeability and disintegrates parasite
ADR: swallow whole tablet and avoid driving for 2 days

26
Q

ectoparasite drug drawback

A

pediculocidal but not ovacidal

27
Q

pyrethrin

A

ectoparasite drug

28
Q

permethrin

A

ectoparasite DOC for lice and scabies, resistance increasing
synthetic derivative of pyrethrin that acts on nerve cell membrane to paralyze ectoparasite
*safe for kids and pregnancy

29
Q

spinosad

A

ectoparasite drug

for head lice in patients over 4 yoa

30
Q

ivermectin

A

ectoparasite drug; single-use topical tx for head lice if over 6 months old

31
Q

lindane

A

ectoparasite drug
absorbed -> neurologic toxicity (tremor, ataxia, insomnia, seizures) - avoid with skin inflammation, young kids, and pregnancy
OTC lotion or shampoo

32
Q

crotamiton

A

ectoparasite drug cream and lotion for scabies only

Pharm 4 (8 decks)

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